The first cytological characterization of the 2NS segment in hexaploid wheat; complete de novo assembly and annotation of 2NS segment; 2NS frequency is increasing 2NS and is associated with higher yield. The Aegilops ventricosa 2NS translocation segment has been utilized in breeding disease-resistant wheat crops since the early 1990s. This segment is known to possess several important resistance genes against multiple wheat diseases including root knot nematode, stripe rust, leaf rust and stem rust. More recently, this segment has been associated with resistance to wheat blast, an emerging and devastating wheat disease in South America and Asia. To date, full characterization of the segment including its size, gene content and its association with grain yield is lacking. Here, we present a complete cytological and physical characterization of this agronomically important translocation in bread wheat. We de novo assembled the 2NS segment in two wheat varieties, 'Jagger' and 'CDC Stanley,' and delineated the segment to be approximately 33 Mb. A total of 535 high-confidence genes were annotated within the 2NS region, with > 10% belonging to the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) gene families. Identification of groups of NLR genes that are potentially N genome-specific and expressed in specific tissues can fast-track testing of candidate genes playing roles in various disease resistances. We also show the increasing frequency of 2NS among spring and winter wheat breeding programs over two and a half decades, and the positive impact of 2NS on wheat grain yield based on historical datasets. The significance of the 2NS segment in wheat breeding due to resistance to multiple diseases and a positive impact on yield highlights the importance of understanding and characterizing the wheat pan-genome for better insights into molecular breeding for wheat improvement.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-020-03712-y | DOI Listing |
Phytopathology
August 2024
Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
Wheat blast caused by pathotype (MoT) has been transmitted from South America to Bangladesh and Zambia and is now spreading in these countries. To prepare against its further spread to Asian countries, we introduced , a gene for resistance to wheat blast, into a Japanese elite cultivar, Chikugoizumi (ChI), through recurrent backcrosses and established ChI near-isogenic lines, #2-1-10 with the / genotype and #4-2-10 with the / genotype. A molecular analysis suggested that at least 96.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhytopathology
August 2024
Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
Wheat blast caused by pathotype has spread to Asia (Bangladesh) and Africa (Zambia) from the endemic region of South America. Wheat varieties with durable resistance are needed, but very limited resistance resources are currently available. After screening tetraploid wheat accessions, we found an exceptional accession St19 (, KU-114).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Plant Sci
March 2023
State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
, which grows exclusively in Huashan, China, is an important wild relative of common wheat that has many desirable traits relevant for wheat breeding. However, the poorly characterized interspecific phylogeny and genomic variations and the relative lack of species-specific molecular markers have limited the utility of as a genetic resource for enhancing wheat germplasm. In this study, we sequenced the transcriptome, resulting in 50,337,570 clean reads that were assembled into 65,617 unigenes, of which 38,428 (58.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Genomics
April 2022
State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Background: Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng has long been used as a genetic resource for improving wheat cultivar because of its genes mediating the resistance to various diseases (stripe rust, leaf rust, take-all, and powdery mildew) as well as its desirable agronomic traits. However, a high-resolution fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) karyotype of P. huashanica remains unavailable.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTheor Appl Genet
March 2022
School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney Plant Breeding Institute, 107 Cobbitty Road, Cobbitty, NSW, 2570, Australia.
New genomic regions for high accumulation of 10 minerals were identified. The 1B:1R and 2NS translocations enhanced concentrations of four and two minerals, respectively, in addition to disease resistance. Puccinia species, the causal agents of rust diseases of wheat, have the potential to cause total crop failures due their high evolutionary ability to acquire virulence for resistance genes deployed in commercial cultivars.
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