Microwave-assisted synthesis is known to accelerate the transesterification process and address the issues associated with the conventional thermal process, such as the processing time and the energy input requirement. Herein, the effect of microwave irradiation on the transesterification of palm oil methyl ester (PME) with trimethylolpropane (TMP) was evaluated. The reaction system was investigated through five process parameters, which were reaction temperature, catalyst, time, molar ratio of TMP to PME and vacuum pressure. The yield of TMP triester at 66.9 wt.% and undesirable fatty soap at 17.4% were obtained at 130 °C, 10 mbar, sodium methoxide solution at 0.6 wt.%, 10 min reaction time and molar ratio of TMP to PME at 1:4. The transesterification of palm oil-based methyl ester to trimethylolpropane ester was 3.1 folds faster in the presence of microwave irradiation. The total energy requirement was markedly reduced as compared to the conventional heating method. The findings indicate that microwave-assisted transesterification could probably be an answer to the quest for a cheaper biodegradable biolubricant.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7665203 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76775-y | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Synthesis, Properties, and Techno-economic Analysis of Highly Stable Biotransformer Oil Derived from Transesterification of Palm Oil Methyl Esters and Ditrimethylolpropane.
ACS Omega
October 2024
Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
Article Synopsis
- Biotransformer oil (BTO) is increasingly important due to higher electricity consumption and environmental policies, prompting research into its production from palm oil methyl ester (POME).
- Under optimized conditions using sodium methoxide as a catalyst, the production process achieved high conversion rates (90.3% for POME and 96.6% selectivity for POME-Di-TMPTTE).
- The resulting BTO showed enhanced stability and adherence to industry standards, with a techno-economic analysis indicating it could be a viable commercial alternative due to competitive costs and potential profits.
Recyclability of Zinc Palmitate-Based Composites in Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Production from Oil Feedstocks at Varied Acidity.
ACS Omega
October 2024
Center of Sustainable Energy and Green Materials, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 999 Phuttamonthon Sai 4 Rd., Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
Article Synopsis
- * Zn5 facilitates the conversion processes like transesterification and esterification, and can handle oil with up to 10% acidity without forming soaps.
- * Although Zn5 cannot be recycled due to its instability during reactions, the resulting composites (Zn5/ZnP) can still produce high FAME yields in repeated cycles, making it useful for biodiesel production under specific conditions.
Influence of Solid Alkaline Photocatalysts Irradiated with UV Light on Fuel Properties of Palm Oil Biodiesel.
ACS Omega
September 2024
Department of Marine Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
Article Synopsis
- - TiO nanoparticles, specifically in the anatase phase, are effective photocatalysts due to their stability, nontoxicity, and excited photocatalytic activity, and can be combined with the alkaline catalyst CHONa to create a TiO/CHONa catalyst for biodiesel production.
- - The study shows that using the TiO/CHONa catalyst in a reaction mixture of palm oil and methanol, under UV light, significantly increases the production of fatty acid methyl esters to 98.4% with an optimal molar ratio of 6 and a catalyst amount of 3 wt %.
- - Improved biodiesel properties, such as lower kinematic viscosity and acid value, and higher distillation temperature
Comparison of potassium catalysts on zeolite sodium A and X in transesterification of palm oil and active species specification.
Heliyon
August 2024
School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand.
Heterogeneous catalysts consisting of potassium supported on zeolites are active for transesterification, but the effect of zeolite properties is not clearly understood. This work compares catalysts containing 12 wt.% potassium on zeolite sodium A and X (12K/NaA and 12K/NaX) in terms of performance and physicochemical properties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFContribution of Malang quartzite-based silica in KO/zeolite Y catalyst for methyl ester synthesis of off grade crude palm oil.
Heliyon
July 2024
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Technology, Surabaya Institute of Adhi Tama Technology, Jalan Arief Rachman Hakim Surabaya 60117, Indonesia.
Malang quartzite contains a highly silica content. The silica changes the structural composition of Zeolite Y. Currently, a heterogeneous catalyst is developed to optimize transesterification of Off Grade CPO (Crude Palm Oil).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!