Handicap theory explains that exaggeratedly developed sexual traits become handicaps but serve as honest signals of quality. Because very weak signals are less likely to provide benefits than to simply incur costs, it is interesting to elucidate how sexual traits are generated and developed during evolution. Many stalk-eyed fly species belonging to tribe Diopsini exhibit marked sexual dimorphism in their eye spans, and males with larger eye spans have larger bodies and reproductive capacities, which are more advantageous in terms of contests between males and acceptance for mating by females. In this study, we investigated the role of eye span in a more primitive species, Sphyracephala detrahens, in tribe Sphyracephalini with less pronounced sexual dimorphism. Male-male, female-female, and male-female pairs showed similar contests influenced by eye span, which was correlated with nutrition and reproductive ability in both sexes. During mating, males did not distinguish between sexes and chose individuals with larger eye spans, whereas females did not choose males. However, males with larger eye spans copulated repeatedly. These results indicate that, in this species, eye span with a small sexual difference does not function in sex recognition but affects contest and reproductive outcomes, suggesting the primitive state of sexual dimorphism.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7661502 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76649-3 | DOI Listing |
Neurosci Biobehav Rev
December 2024
Cambridge Hearing Group, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Vision and Eye Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Electronic address:
Blindness or deafness can significantly influence sensory abilities in intact modalities, affecting communication, orientation and navigation. Explanations for why certain abilities are enhanced and others degraded include: crossmodal cortical reorganization enhances abilities by providing additional neural processing resources; and sensory processing is impaired for tasks where calibration from the normally intact sense is required for good performance. However, these explanations are often specific to tasks or modalities, not accounting for why task-dependent enhancement or degradation are observed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenome Med
December 2024
Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Background: MECP2 Duplication Syndrome, also known as X-linked intellectual developmental disorder Lubs type (MRXSL; MIM: 300260), is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by copy number gains spanning MECP2. Despite varying genomic rearrangement structures, including duplications and triplications, and a wide range of duplication sizes, no clear correlation exists between DNA rearrangement and clinical features. We had previously demonstrated that up to 38% of MRXSL families are characterized by complex genomic rearrangements (CGRs) of intermediate complexity (2 ≤ copy number variant breakpoints < 5), yet the impact of these genomic structures on regulation of gene expression and phenotypic manifestations have not been investigated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExpert Opin Drug Saf
December 2024
The First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
Background: Raloxifene was approved for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis; however, its safety profile remains inadequately understood. This study aimed to evaluate the safety signals associated with raloxifene.
Research Design And Methods: Adverse events (AEs) related to raloxifene, spanning from the first quarter of 2004 to the fourth quarter of 2023, were extracted from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.
Cureus
November 2024
Gastroenterology, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, PAK.
Background: A wide variety of vitreoretinal diseases have been majorly treated by the use of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) as the most commonly practiced treatment option. Despite the fact that it is the most feasible treatment modality, the probability of corneal endothelial cell damage following the treatment remains a matter of great concern. The study aims to inquire about the aftermath of PPV on endothelial cell density (ECD) and spans a time period of six months after the surgery has been performed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Med Inform
December 2024
Translational Medicine Center, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an 710061, China; Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing 100026, China. Electronic address:
Background: The current congenital heart disease (CHD) prediction tools lack adequate interpretability and convenience, hindering the development of personalized CHD management strategies. We developed a machine learning-based risk stratification model for CHD prediction.
Methods: This study utilized data from 1,759 participants in a case-control study of CHD conducted across six birth defects surveillance hospitals located in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, Northwest China, spanning from January 2014 to December 2016.
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!