The Study Background: In 2015 a county sheriff department in Michigan began a training program for its deputies on administration of naloxone for non-medical providers.
Methods: A descriptive analysis was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the program. Data collected from the Sheriff's department allowed the study to quantify the incidence of naloxone administration, describe characteristics related to the administration, and report on aggregate outcomes.
Results: Of the reported 184 incidents involving naloxone use the sheriff department had an overall successful administration rate of 94.6% in the cases from 2015 to 2017. It was also noted that the overall number of naloxone administrations showed an upward trend with a greater number of trained deputies.
Conclusion: The outcome of training non-medical first responders in naloxone administration has been shown to be successful with regard to resuscitation of patients with opioid overdose.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13011-020-00327-w | DOI Listing |
Front Pharmacol
December 2024
Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Introduction: The paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) is recognized for its critical role in pain regulation, yet the precise molecular mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated an essential role of the microglial adenosine A receptor (AR) in the PVT in regulating pain sensation and non-opioid analgesia.
Method And Results: Specifically, AR was predominantly expressed in ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1)-positive microglia cells within the PVT, with expression levels remaining unchanged in mice experiencing persistent inflammatory pain induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA).
Prehosp Emerg Care
January 2025
National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians, 6610 Busch Boulevard, Columbus, OH 43229, USA.
Objectives: Fatal and nonfatal pediatric opioid poisonings have increased in recent years. Emergency medical services (EMS) clinicians are often the first to respond to an opioid poisoning and administer opioid reversal therapy. Currently, the epidemiology of prehospital naloxone use among children and adolescents is incompletely characterized.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAddict Neurosci
December 2024
Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
The number of opioid overdose deaths has increased over the past several years, mainly driven by an increase in the availability of highly potent synthetic opioids, like fentanyl, in the un-regulated drug supply. Over the last few years, changes in the drug supply, and in particular the availability of counterfeit pills containing fentanyl, have made oral use of opioids a more common route of administration. Here, we used a drinking in the dark (DiD) paradigm to model oral fentanyl self-administration using increasing fentanyl concentrations in male and female mice over 5 weeks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Emerg Med
December 2024
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Center for Research on Emerging Substances, Poisoning, Overdose, and New Discoveries (RESPOND), NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst, New York, NY, USA.
Background: Tramadol is an adulterant of illicit opioids. As it is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor as well as a μ-opioid agonist, tramadol adulteration may worsen overdose signs and symptoms or affect the amount of naloxone patients receive.
Methods: This is a multicenter, prospective cohort of adult patients with suspected opioid overdoses who presented to one of eight United States emergency departments and were included in the Toxicology Investigators Consortium's Fentalog Study.
Heliyon
December 2024
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pak Austria Fachhochschule: Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Morphine belongs to the class of opioids and is known for its potential to cause dependence and addiction, particularly with prolonged use. Due to the associated risks, caution must be taken when prescribing and limiting its clinical use. Overexpression of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, nitric oxide and cGMP pathway has been implicated in exacerbate the development of morphine dependence and withdrawal.
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