Inflammation induced by transcription factors, including Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STATs) and NF-κB, in response to microbial pathogenic infections and ligand dependent receptors stimulation are critical for controlling infections. However, uncontrolled inflammation induced by these transcription factors could lead to immune dysfunction, persistent infection, inflammatory related diseases and the development of cancers. Although the induction of innate immunity and inflammation in response to viral infection is important to control virus replication, its effects can be modulated by lymphotropic viruses including human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), Κaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), and Epstein Barr virus (EBV) during de novo infection as well as latent infection. These lymphotropic viruses persistently activate JAK-STAT and NF-κB pathways. Long-term STAT and NF-κB activation by these viruses leads to the induction of chronic inflammation, which can support the persistence of these viruses and promote virus-mediated cancers. Here, we review how HTLV-1, KSHV and EBV hijack the function of host cell surface molecules (CSMs), which are involved in the regulation of chronic inflammation, innate and adaptive immune responses, cell death and the restoration of tissue homeostasis. Thus, better understanding of CSMs-mediated chronic activation of STATs and NF-κB pathways in lymphotropic virus-infected cells may pave the way for therapeutic intervention in malignancies caused by lymphotropic viruses.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9110390 | DOI Listing |
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo
December 2024
Hospital Universitario General Dr. Balmis, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Alicante, Spain.
Strongyloides stercoralis infections, human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infections, and Chagas diseases occur throughout many regions of Central and South America, including Peru. This study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of S. stercoralis, HTLV, and Chagas disease in Iquitos (Peruvian Amazon) and the associated epidemiological conditions for S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRetrovirology
December 2024
Iranian Tissue Bank and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Medicine (Baltimore)
December 2024
Department of Neurology, The Second People's Hospital of Guiyang (Jinyang Hospital), Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
Rationale: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a B-lymphotropic double-stranded DNA virus. Most people infected with EBV are asymptomatic infection. Its clinical symptoms are rarely manifested as EBV encephalitis, and peripheral nerve damage is even rarer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
November 2024
Odontology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, FRA.
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) was subsequently identified as the cause of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). While oral manifestations of this disease have been documented, they remain poorly described in the literature. We present the case of a 32-year-old patient who exhibited facial and oral swelling in the upper jaw.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeliyon
April 2024
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Dual infection with a virus that targets the immune system, such as HTLV-1 (human T-cell lymphotropic virus class 1), combined with another virus that affects the respiratory system, such as SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), can cause serious disease and even death. Given the significance of better comprehending the dual viral infections' dynamics, researchers have been drawn to mathematical analyses of such models. This work investigates the stability of a discrete HTLV-1/SARS-CoV-2 dual infection model.
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