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Acute Intermittent Porphyria in an Adolescent Patient: Diagnostic and Treatment Challenges.
Cureus
November 2024
Internal Medicine-Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.
Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a rare inherited metabolic disorder caused by decreased activity of the enzyme porphobilinogen deaminase in the heme synthesis pathway. This leads to the accumulation of toxic porphyrin precursors, such as porphobilinogen and δ-aminolevulinic acid. Clinical manifestations typically include episodic bouts of severe neurovisceral pain and autonomic dysfunction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBaseline urinary ALA and PBG as criteria for starting pharmacologic prophylactic treatment in acute intermittent porphyria treated with givosiran.
Mol Genet Metab Rep
December 2024
Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Introduction: For patients with acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), a true attack could be difficult to distinguish from chronic abdominal pain. This study focused on treatment responses from two patients with confirmed elevated biochemical data (delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), porphobilinogen (PBG)) and clinical evidence for acute attacks before starting givosiran.
Methods: Data from patients who participated in the phase III givosiran trial in Taiwan between May 2018 and May 2021 were reviewed.
Givosiran: a targeted treatment for acute intermittent porphyria.
Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program
December 2024
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
The acute hepatic porphyrias (AHPs) are a family of rare genetic diseases associated with attacks of abdominal pain, vomiting, weakness, neuropathy, and other neurovisceral symptoms. Pathogenic variants in 1 of 4 enzymes of heme synthesis are necessary for the development of AHP, and the onset of acute attacks also requires the induction of δ-aminolevulinic acid synthase 1 (ALAS1), the first and rate-limiting step of heme synthesis in the liver. Givosiran is an RNA interference medication that inhibits hepatic ALAS1 and was designed to treat AHP.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGerman Real-World Experience of Patients with Diverse Features of Acute Intermittent Porphyria Treated with Givosiran.
J Clin Med
November 2024
Porphyria Center, Chemnitz Hospital, 09116 Chemnitz, Germany.
: Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a metabolic disease characterised by neurovisceral crises with episodes of acute abdominal pain alongside life-altering, and often hidden, chronic symptoms. The elimination of precipitating factors, hemin therapy, and pain relief are strategies used to treat porphyria symptoms, but are often reserved for patients suffering recurrent, acute attacks. Givosiran (siRNA) is an emerging AIP therapy capable of silencing delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase-1 (ALAS1) and, in turn, reducing the accumulation of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and porphobilinogen (PBG) that precede porphyria symptoms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuralgic amyotrophy presentation of acute intermittent porphyria: A case report.
J Peripher Nerv Syst
December 2024
Service d'ENMG et de pathologies neuromusculaires, centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires PACA-Réunion-Rhône-Alpes, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Est, Bron, France.
Article Synopsis
- Porphyrias are genetic disorders that affect heme production, with acute hepatic porphyrias (AHP) like acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) often mimicking neurological conditions, leading to potential misdiagnoses.
- A 41-year-old woman experienced symptoms resembling neuralgic amyotrophy but was ultimately diagnosed with AIP after finding elevated levels of porphobilinogen and delta-aminolevulinic acid, following an initial misdiagnosis.
- This case highlights the importance of considering AIP in patients with acute neuropathies, particularly when they present with abdominal symptoms, to ensure timely and effective treatment.
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