AbstractTheoretically, animals integrate intrinsic and extrinsic factors to respond appropriately to the wide range of stressors they encounter during their life span. We examined how stress response varies between sexes and among morphotypes in wild dice snakes (). We also considered reproductive and feeding status and antipredator behavior. We used two indicators of stress (glucose [GLUC] and corticosterone [CORT] levels) at eight sampling time intervals (immediately after capture, up to 17 h after) and a large sample size ( snakes). Concentrations of both markers increased sharply after capture (an equivalent of predation). This acute phase occurred earlier for GLUC (30 min) compared to CORT (60 min). Then the values plateaued to very high levels without decline over time, indicating prolonged saturation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. In contrast to our expectations, we found no effect of sex, morphotype, or reproductive status. Yet the CORT stress response of those individuals displaying death-feigning (DF) antipredator behavior was attenuated compared to those that did not. Low stress hormones levels may facilitate the expression of DF (high levels supporting fleeing behavior). The presence of partially digested material in the stomach was associated with higher blood GLUC during the plateau. Assaying blood GLUC requires very little blood but was as good as CORT at gauging acute stress response. The prolonged plateau suggests that captivity should be minimized during field studies.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/711958 | DOI Listing |
PLoS One
January 2025
Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Genetics, Poznan, Poland.
The increasing cultivation of perennial C4 grass known as Miscanthus spp. for biomass production holds promise as a sustainable source of renewable energy. Unlike the sterile triploid hybrid of M.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Chem Theory Comput
January 2025
Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.
Molecular dynamics is a popular method for evaluating the tensile stress behaviors of many nanomaterials; however, few manuscripts include their thermostat and barostat damping parameters along with their methods. Here, we illustrate the demonstrable effect that barostat integration has on system dynamics during uniaxial testing under a Nosé-Hoover scheme. Three systems are tested: a 2D graphene sheet, a 3D continuous aluminum volume, and a 3D discontinuous polyvinyl alcohol volume.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, Miami, Florida, United States of America.
Nurse sharks (Ginglymostoma cirratum), especially juveniles, are often encountered by near-shore and shore-based recreational anglers and are suggested to exhibit minimal behavioral and physiological responses to capture, largely based on studies of adults using commercial or scientific fishing methods. To quantify the sub-lethal effects of recreational angling on juvenile nurse sharks, 27 individuals (across 31 angling events) were caught using hook-and-line fishing methods. Over a 30-min period, 4 blood samples were taken with variable time intervals between sampling (i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Adv
January 2025
Department of Biochemistry Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Lysosomal pH dysregulation is a critical element of the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, and lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). To study the role of lysosomes in pathophysiology, probes to analyze lysosomal size, positioning, and pH are indispensable tools. Here, we developed and characterized a ratiometric genetically encoded lysosomal pH probe, RpH-ILV, targeted to a subpopulation of lysosomal intraluminal vesicles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Adv
January 2025
Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
Fluid shear stress (FSS) from blood flow sensed by vascular endothelial cells (ECs) determines vessel behavior, but regulatory mechanisms are only partially understood. We used cell state transition assessment and regulation (cSTAR), a powerful computational method, to elucidate EC transcriptomic states under low shear stress (LSS), physiological shear stress (PSS), high shear stress (HSS), and oscillatory shear stress (OSS) that induce vessel inward remodeling, stabilization, outward remodeling, or disease susceptibility, respectively. Combined with a publicly available database on EC transcriptomic responses to drug treatments, this approach inferred a regulatory network controlling EC states and made several notable predictions.
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