In Vitro Antioxidant, Cytotoxic Activities, and Phenolic Profile of from Saudi Arabia.

Current treatments for complex diseases have remarkable side effects that negatively impact patients' quality of life. Thus, natural compounds with fewer side effects represent a promising source for safe drugs. The genus is widely used in folk medicine due to its various pharmacological properties. In the present study, the total phenolic content of , which is grown in Saudi Arabia, was assessed using the Folin-Ciocalteau colorimetric method. Scavenging DPPH and ABTS assays were utilized to determine the antioxidant properties of fractions, and MTT assay was used to screen the cytotoxic activity of against various cancer cells. In addition, HPLC-UV was utilized to detect the presence of two phenolic acids, namely, vanillic acid (VA) and gallic acid (GA). Among all fractions tested, chloroform fraction (SGCF) yielded the highest value (125.3 mg·GA/g) in terms of total phenolic content. SGCF also exhibited the highest scavenging activities (76.7 and 74.1%) on both DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. Similarly, SGCF also possessed the most potent cytotoxic activity against the MCF-7 cell line, with an IC value of 41.8 g/ml. The validated HPLC method confirmed the presence of VA (4.8 g/mg DW) and GA (3.9 g/mg DW) in SGCF. Overall, our data show that had antioxidant and cytotoxic properties. A developed validated HPLC method which could be helpful for quantifying phenolic compounds in was established.