Primary cardiac lymphoma.

Objective: This study aimed to understand the population-level treatment modalities and to evaluate the survival benefits of surgical resection in primary cardiac lymphoma.

Methods: We queried the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program database, which covers 35% of the US population. Patients with a histologic diagnosis of primary cardiac lymphoma from 1973 to 2015 were included. Multivariable accelerated failure time regression was performed to evaluate the associations between clinical factors and overall survival.

Results: A total of 184 patients were identified. The median age was 68 years, 80% were White, and 46% were women. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (80%) was the most common histology, and the majority (65%) was low-stage lymphoma (Ann Arbor stage I or II). Median survival was 2.2 years. Seventy-three percent of patients received chemotherapy. Only 10% of patients received local resection or debulking. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that local resection or debulking was not independently associated with overall survival (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.30-1.48; P = .32). Instead, chemotherapy (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.23-0.69; P < .001) was independently associated with improved survival, whereas increasing age (adjusted hazard ratio of 5-year increment, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.22; P <.001) and advanced stage (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.33-3.56; P < .001) were independently associated with worse survival.

Conclusions: Surgical resection was not independently associated with survival in patients with primary cardiac lymphoma. Chemotherapy was the predominant treatment option and associated with improved survival, whereas increasing age and advanced stage were independently associated with worse outcomes.