Hypothesis: The insertion of polyether spacers between the anionic head and the alkyl chain of ionic surfactants significantly improves their salt-tolerance. The aim of this work is to study whether the petro-based polyethoxy spacer can be replaced by a glyceryl ether group for high salinity applications.
Experiments: A series of amphiphilic sodium salts of alkyl glyceryl ether carboxylates are synthesized with different alkyl chain lengths from 4 to 12 and various spacers between the glyceryl and the carboxylate groups. Their aggregation behavior is studied by tensiometry and their amphiphilicities are assessed by the PIT-slope method. The dramatic effect of the methylation of the glyceryl spacer on the salt-tolerance is highlighted, and rationalized by DFT calculations and molecular dynamics.
Findings: In contrast to the corresponding sodium soap, n-CH-CONa, and to the non-methylated counterpart, the sodium salt of 1-pentyl-3-methyl glyceryl ether methylene carboxylate ([5.0.1]-CHCONa) exhibits an excellent salt-tolerance since it remains water-soluble with NaCl or CaCl concentrations greater than 20 wt% at 25 °C. Amphiphiles with short alkyl chains (
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2020.10.061 DOI Listing Publication Analysis
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