Background: Drinking water quality for children should be higher than adults due to both behavioral and physiological factors. Thus, to provide enough, safe, and easily accessible drinking water for children at schools, the Shanghai Municipal Government initiated a direct-drinking water project in 2013. However, there has been no study so far to assess the quality of direct-drinking water or to investigate its risk factors in Shanghai elementary and middle schools.
Methods: In the present study, we selected direct-drinking water equipment from 183 elementary and middle schools (17% of total) in Shanghai to detect the colony-forming units (CFU), residual chlorine, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and turbidity of water samples, and analyzed the risk factors of its quality using both simple and multiple linear regression analysis.
Results: Results showed that the CFU, residual chlorine, COD, and turbidity of direct-drinking water in Shanghai elementary and middle schools ranged from
Conclusions: In order to improve the quality of direct-drinking water, the equipment should be as far away from toilet as possible and direct-drinking water should be kept at room temperature or heated at high temperature (over 60 °C). Furthermore, sanitary standards of direct-drinking water quality and relevant laws and regulations should be established and implemented as soon as possible. Our study demonstrates that it is critical to improve direct-drinking water quality and ensure the safety of drinking water in elementary and middle schools in Shanghai.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113650 | DOI Listing |
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