The use of low-cost brewery waste product for the production of surfactin as a natural microbial biocide.

Surfactin has potential as next generation antibiofilm agent to combat antimicrobial resistance against emerging pathogens. However, the widespread industrial applications of surfactin is hampered by its high production cost. In this work, surfactin was produced from using a low-cost brewery waste as a carbon source. The strain produced 210.11 mg  after 28 h. The antimicrobial activity was observed against all tested strains, achieving complete inhibition for , at 500  g mL . A growth log reduction of 3.91 was achieved for while, and showed between 1 and 2 log reductions. In the anti-biofilm assays against , the co-incubation, anti-adhesive and disruption showed inhibition, where the greatest inhibition was observed in the co-incubation assay (79.80%). This study provides evidence that surfactin produced from a low-cost substrate can be a promising biocide due to its antimicrobial and anti-biofilm abilities against pathogens.