Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are attractive for a digital spectrometer due to its advantages of digital signal processing. However, how to improve the versatility of the spectrometer and increase the operating frequency of the digital shaper has gradually become a limitation that needs to be resolved in the FPGA-based spectrometer. A solution to improve the universality of the FPGA-based digital spectroscopy system is presented in this work, and the implementation of the real-time digital signal processing unit is improved to obtain a higher operating frequency, and then the optimal parameters of the digital trapezoidal shaper and the processing unit are also discussed through a series of experiments; finally, a FPGA-based digital spectrometer is developed. With the HPGe detector, the spectrometer achieves excellent energy resolution performance of 0.35% at 662 keV, 0.25% at 1173.2 keV, and 0.23% at 1332.5 keV.
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JMIR Form Res
January 2025
Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.
Background: Acute pain management is critical in postoperative care, especially in vulnerable patient populations that may be unable to self-report pain levels effectively. Current methods of pain assessment often rely on subjective patient reports or behavioral pain observation tools, which can lead to inconsistencies in pain management. Multimodal pain assessment, integrating physiological and behavioral data, presents an opportunity to create more objective and accurate pain measurement systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
Modernizing power systems into smart grids has introduced numerous benefits, including enhanced efficiency, reliability, and integration of renewable energy sources. However, this advancement has also increased vulnerability to cyber threats, particularly False Data Injection Attacks (FDIAs). Traditional Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) often fall short in identifying sophisticated FDIAs due to their reliance on predefined rules and signatures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe polymerase gamma (POLG) gene mutation is associated with mitochondria and metabolism disorders, resulting in heterogeneous responses to immunological activation and posing challenges for mitochondrial disease therapy. Optical metabolic imaging captures the autofluorescent signal of two coenzymes, NADH and FAD, and offers a label-free approach to detect cellular metabolic phenotypes, track mitochondria morphology, and quantify metabolic heterogeneity. In this study, fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) of NAD(P)H and FAD revealed that POLG mutator macrophages exhibit a decreased NAD(P)H lifetime, and optical redox ratio compared to the wild-type macrophages, indicating an increased dependence on glycolysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCharacterizing the movement of biomolecules in single cells quantitatively is essential to understanding fundamental biological mechanisms. RNA fluorescent in situ hybridization (RNA-FISH) is a technique for visualizing RNA in fixed cells using fluorescent probes. Automated processing of the resulting images is essential for large datasets.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe idea of self-organized signal processing in the cerebral cortex has become a focus of research since Beggs and Plentz reported avalanches in local field potential recordings from organotypic cultures and acute slices of rat somatosensory cortex. How the cortex intrinsically organizes signals remains unknown. A current hypothesis was proposed by the condensed matter physicists Bak, Tang, and Wiesenfeld when they conjectured that if neuronal avalanche activity followed inverse power law distributions, then brain activity may be set around phase transitions within self-organized signals.
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