grown in anaerobic conditions exhibits elevated glutamine biosynthesis and biofilm units.

The enormous spread of infections through biofilms is a major concern in hospital-acquired infections. Biofilm formation by on any surface is facilitated by adjusting its redox status. This organism is a facultative anaerobe shift more towards reductive conditions by enhancing nitrogen metabolism where glutamine synthesis plays a key role. Glutamine is synthesized by glutamine synthetase (GS) encoded by the gene. The gene was amplified by PCR from the chromosomal DNA of , sequenced (HQ329146.1), and cloned. The pure recombinant GS exhibited of 11.06 ± 0.05 mmol·L for glutamate and 2.4 ± 0.03 mmol·L for ATP. The gene sequence showed a high degree of variability with its human counterpart, while it was highly conserved in bacteria. Structural analysis revealed that the GS structure of showed close homology with other Gram-positive bacteria and exhibited a high degree of variation with GS. In the present study, we observed the increased presence of GS activity in multidrug-resistant strains of with elevated biofilm units, grown in brain heart infusion broth; among them methicillin-resistant strains LMV 3, 4, and 5 showed higher biofilm units. All these results explain the important role of glutamine biosynthesis with elevated biofilm units in the pathogenesis of .