Personalized medicine and therapies represent the goal of modern medicine, as drug discovery strives to move away from one-cure-for-all and makes use of the various targets and biomarkers within differing disease areas. This approach, especially in oncology, is often undermined when the cells make use of alternative survival pathways. As such, acquired resistance is unfortunately common. In order to combat this phenomenon, synthetic lethality is being investigated, making use of existing genetic fragilities within the cancer cell. This Perspective highlights exciting targets within synthetic lethality, (PARP, ATR, ATM, DNA-PKcs, WEE1, CDK12, RAD51, RAD52, and PD-1) and discusses the medicinal chemistry programs being used to interrogate them, the challenges these programs face, and what the future holds for this promising field.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00766 | DOI Listing |
CA Cancer J Clin
January 2025
Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, such as olaparib, talazoparib, rucaparib, and niraparib, comprise a therapeutic class that targets PARP proteins involved in DNA repair. Cancer cells with homologous recombination repair defects, particularly BRCA alterations, display enhanced sensitivity to these agents because of synthetic lethality induced by PARP inhibitors. These agents have significantly improved survival outcomes across various malignancies, initially gaining regulatory approval in ovarian cancer and subsequently in breast, pancreatic, and prostate cancers in different indications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Hepatol
January 2025
Department of Surgery, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China. Electronic address:
Background & Aims: The ubiquitin receptor ADRM1/Rpn13 governs the specificity of eukaryotic protein degradation. By SMRT sequencing, we first discovered a novel spliced variant of ADRM1 with a skipped exon 9, termed ADRM1-ΔEx9, in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to elucidate this novel ubiquitin receptor's underlying biology and clinical implications in HCC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
January 2025
Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
ATR plays key roles in cellular responses to DNA damage and replication stress, a pervasive feature of cancer cells. ATR inhibitors (ATRi) are in clinical development for treating various cancers, including those with high replication stress, such as is elicited by ARID1A deficiency, but the cellular mechanisms that determine ATRi efficacy in such backgrounds are unclear. Here, we have conducted unbiased genome-scale CRISPR screens in ARID1A-deficient and proficient cells treated with ATRi.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmaceuticals (Basel)
November 2024
Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men. Although current therapies can effectively manage the primary tumor, most patients with late-stage disease manifest with metastasis in different organs. From surgery to treatment intensification (TI), several combinations of therapies are administered to improve the prognosis of patients with metastatic PCa.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEssential genes, estimated at approximately 20% of the genome, are broadly expressed and required for reproductive success. They are difficult to study, as interfering with their function leads to premature death. Transcription is one of the essential functions of life, and the multi-protein Mediator complex coordinates the regulation of gene expression at nearly every eukaryotic promoter.
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