Skeletal dysplasias are a large group of rare conditions with widely heterogeneous manifestations and a reputation for being diagnostically difficult. Involvement of the brain and craniovertebral junction are features familiar to the paediatric neuroradiologist. Involvement of the skull itself represents an area of overlap between the domains of the neuroradiologist and the skeletal dysplasia radiologist. In this pictorial essay, we review the principal skull manifestations of skeletal dysplasias as they present to the neuroradiologist.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00247-019-04473-7 | DOI Listing |
Am J Med Genet A
January 2025
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Richard D. Wood Jr. Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
We report a 28-year-old G2P0 at 24 weeks 5 days who presented for evaluation secondary to suspected skeletal dysplasia in her fetus. Fetal ultrasound imaging demonstrated foreshortened long bones by 9-10 weeks, multiple bowing deformities and fractures, 11 foreshortened paired ribs with fractures, decreased skull mineralization, frontal bossing, enlarged cavum septum pellucidi, and severe fetal growth restriction (< 2%). Findings were concerning for life limiting condition with thoracic circumference < 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCongenit Anom (Kyoto)
January 2025
Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
The current case report presents the postmortem examination findings of a 17-week-old female fetus displaying thanatophoric dysplasia type 1 (TD-1) due to a known fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene mutation. Gross and X-ray examination revealed significant abnormalities, including skeletal malformations with prominent TD-1 femur curvature. Microscopical evaluation indicated inadequate histological growth for the gestational age, with specific organ immaturity noted in multiple hematoxylin and eosin sections from internal organs, bone from epiphyses and diaphyses levels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Ther Nucleic Acids
March 2025
Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czechia.
Impaired fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling is associated with many human conditions, including growth disorders, degenerative diseases, and cancer. Current FGFR therapeutics are based on chemical inhibitors of FGFR tyrosine kinase activity (TKIs). However, FGFR TKIs are limited in their target specificity as they generally inhibit all FGFRs and other receptor tyrosine kinases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenes Dis
March 2025
Pediatric Orthopaedic Hospital, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
Although the pathogenesis and mechanism of congenital skeletal dysplasia are better understood, progress in drug development and intervention research remains limited. Here we report that melatonin treatment elicits a mitigating effect on skeletal abnormalities caused by deficiency. In addition to our previous finding of endoplasmic reticulum stress upon deficiency, we found calcium (Ca) overload jointly contributed to -associated chondrodysplasias.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Rev Endocrinol
January 2025
Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesodden, Norway.
Achondroplasia is the most common genetic form of short-limbed skeletal dysplasia (dwarfism). Clinical manifestations and complications can affect individuals across the lifespan, including the need for adaptations for activities of daily living, which can affect quality of life. Current international guidelines focus on symptomatic management, with little discussion regarding potential medication, as therapeutic options were limited at the time of their publication.
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