Introduction: Although the distinction between the Community-Associated-Methicillin-Resistant (CA-MRSA) and Hospital-Associated-Methicillin-Resistant (HA-MRSA) has blurred in recent years, the CA-MRSA is an important group because of its potential to cause fulminant and severe infections. Its importance has further increased with the emergence of Livestock-Associated-Methicillin-Resistant (LA-MRSA).
Methods: In the present study we analysed clonal distributions and virulence factors in presumptive CA-MRSA isolated from January 2014 to December 2015 and compared the results with our previous study from 2010. Phenotypic definition for presumptive CA-MRSA was based on resistance to cefoxitin and oxacillin and susceptibility to at least two of the following four antibiotics: ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin and gentamicin.
Results: In 2014 and 2015 altogether 304 MRSA isolates fulfilled our screening phenotypic definition, 45 isolates were cultivated from clinical specimens and 259 from screening specimens. Sequence types ST398, LA-MRSA and C MRSA increased significantly in 2015 compared to 2010 (p-value <0.05) and were spread over Slovenia.
Conclusion: The clonal distribution of presumptive CA-MRSA has changed within the study period in Slovenia. In 2015 the most frequent clone among clinical and screening specimens was a pig-associated clone, ST398, but the number of confirmed ST398 infections remains low. While previously ST398 and C positive MRSA strains were geographically limited, they have spread throughout the country since 2010.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjph-2020-0030 | DOI Listing |
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