In the context of the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, associations of drugs which interfere with specific steps of the viral infectious cycle are currently being exploited as therapeutic strategies since a specific treatment by vaccination is still unavailable. A widespread association of repurposed agents is the combination of the antimalarial drug Hydroxychloroquine and the macrolide antibiotic Azithromycin in the setting of clinical trials. But a closer analysis of their mechanism of action suggests that their concomitant administration may be impractical, and this is supported by experimental data with other agents of the same classes. However a sequential administration of the lysosomotropic antimalarial with the addition of the macrolide proton pump inhibitor after the first has reached a certain threshold could better exploit their antiviral potential.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173694 | DOI Listing |
J Mater Sci Mater Med
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran.
The antimalarial hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has considered for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Moreover, HCQ has been used as a drug to treat Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In this work, nitrogen doped porous reduced graphene oxide (NprGO) has been prepared via environmentally friendly process using Fummaria Parviflora extract.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
January 2025
Department of Dermatology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States.
Importance: Identifying environmental factors that contribute to disease onset/activity in PV stands to improve clinical outcomes and patient quality of life by strategies aimed at reducing specific disease promoting exposures and promoting personalized clinical management strategies.
Objective: To evaluate the association between hydroxychloroquine use and the development of pemphigus using population level, publicly available, FDA-generated data.
Design: Observational, retrospective, case-control, pharmacovigilance analysis.
Iran J Parasitol
January 2024
Department of Internal Medicine, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
Biol Pharm Bull
December 2024
Department of Radiation Biosciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science.
Excessive inflammatory responses to viral infections, known as cytokine storms, are caused by overactivation of endolysosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) (TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9) and can be lethal, but no specific treatment is available. Some quinoline derivatives with antiviral activity were tried during the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, but showed serious toxicity, and their efficacy for treating viral cytokine storms was not established. Here, in order to discover a low-toxicity quinoline derivative as a candidate for controlling virally induced inflammation, we synthesized a series of derivatives of amodiaquine (ADQ), a quinoline approved as an antimalarial, and tested their effects on TLRs-mediated production of inflammatory cytokines and cell viability in vitro.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Cardiovasc Disord
December 2024
Community Memorial Hospital, Ventura, CA, USA.
Objective: Hydroxychloroquine paired with Azithromycin, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, and Zinc (HAZDPac), was used as a multidrug therapy method to treat COVID-19 illness and superimposed secondary bacterial pneumonia. Concerns have been raised though about such combinations regarding cardiac QTc interval prolongation and risks of arrhythmias, which we set out to address in this study.
Design: We evaluated cardiac safety in a Phase II Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Combination Therapy to Treat COVID-19 Infections study, conducted by ProgenaBiome.
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