Impact of an electronic health record on task time distribution in a neonatal intensive care unit.

Background: An Electronic Health Record (EHR) has been introduced to four Irish maternity units, with further implementations planned. Previous studies indicate that healthcare professionals are concerned that EHRs may increase time spent on documentation and medication-related tasks.

Objective: To determine the impact of an EHR on task time distribution in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU).

Methods: A pre-post, time and motion study. An electronic data collection tool was used to collate time spent on direct care, professional communication, reviewing charts, documentation, and medication-related tasks. Interruptions and contact with the patient zone were quantified. Statistical significance was assessed using two-sample proportion tests, two-sample t-tests, and two-sample Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. A Bonferroni correction set significance at p ≤ 0.0025.

Results: 63 doctors and nurses participated, with 169.23 h of data collected. There were no significant changes to nurses' task time distribution. The proportion of time spent by doctors on professional communication increased from 15.4% to 26.0% (p < 0.001). Significant increases to median task times were seen for both doctors and nurses. Interruptions to tasks decreased post-implementation (p < 0.001), as did frequency of contact with the patient zone (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: The EHR did not redistribute time towards documentation and medication-related tasks. A reduction in interruptions to tasks may streamline workflow. Decreased contact with the patient zone may improve patient safety through reduced potential for pathogen transmission.