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Importance: The true incidence of sudden unexplained death in childhood (SUDC), already the fifth leading category of death among toddlers by current US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates, is potentially veiled by the varied certification processes by medicolegal investigative offices across the United States.
Objective: To evaluate the frequency of SUDC incidence, understand its epidemiology, and assess the consistency of death certification among medical examiner and coroner offices in the US death investigation system.
Design, Setting, And Participants: In this case series, 2 of 13 forensic pathologists (FPs) conducted masked reviews of 100 cases enrolled in the SUDC Registry and Research Collaborative (SUDCRRC). Children who died aged 11 months to 18 years from 36 US states, Canada, and the United Kingdom had been posthumously enrolled in the SUDCRRC by family members from 2014 to 2017. Comprehensive data from medicolegal investigative offices, clinical offices, and family members were reviewed. Data analysis was conducted from December 2014 to June 2020.
Main Outcomes And Measures: Certified cause of death (COD) characterized as explained (accidental or natural) or unexplained, as determined by SUDCRRC masked review process.
Results: In this study of 100 cases of SUDC (mean [SD] age, 32.1 [31.8] months; 58 [58.0%] boys; 82 [82.0%] White children; 92 [92.0%] from the United States), the original pathologist certified 43 cases (43.0%) as explained COD and 57 (57.0%) as unexplained COD. The SUDCRRC review process led to the following certifications: 16 (16.0%) were explained, 7 (7.0%) were undetermined because of insufficient data, and 77 (77.0%) were unexplained. Experts disagreed with the original COD in 40 cases (40.0%). These data suggest that SUDC incidence is higher than the current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate (ie, 392 deaths in 2018).
Conclusions And Relevance: To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive masked forensic pathology review process of sudden unexpected pediatric deaths, and it suggests that SUDC may often go unrecognized in US death investigations. Some unexpected pediatric deaths may be erroneously attributed to a natural or accidental COD, negatively affecting surveillance, research, public health funding, and medical care of surviving family members. To further address the challenges of accurate and consistent death certification in SUDC, future studies are warranted.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.23262 | DOI Listing |
Am J Trop Med Hyg
December 2024
Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Measles or rubeola is caused by an enveloped single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the genus Morbillivirus in the Paramyxoviridae family. Here, we present five adult measles patients. The laboratory confirmation of measles by serology/polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out in the National Measles Laboratory as per WHO standard operating procedure at the Department of Virology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJMIR Aging
December 2024
Department of Health & Wellness Design, School of Public Health- Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States.
Background: As Alzheimer disease (AD) and AD-related dementias (ADRD) progress, individuals increasingly require assistance from unpaid, informal caregivers to support them in activities of daily living. These caregivers may experience high levels of financial, mental, and physical strain associated with providing care. CareVirtue is a web-based tool created to connect and support multiple individuals across a care network to coordinate care activities and share important information, thereby reducing care burden.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Health Commun
December 2024
School of Public Health, San Diego State University and the Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego, California, USA.
Using a social network approach, we characterize who Mexican-origin young adults perceive as social support sources for oral health behaviors and provide additional validity evidence for Oral Health Behavior Social Support Scales (OHBSS). From April to September 2022, we gathered social network data from 62 Mexican-origin adults (21-40 years old) through Zoom interviews about their perceived received social support for three oral health behaviors (toothbrushing, flossing, and obtaining dental care) from three potential sources of support (family, health providers, and others/friends). Overall, we found similar results across all three oral health behaviors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBull Menninger Clin
December 2024
Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
The term "phubbing" is a combination of the words "phone" and "snubbing" and is explained as preferring the virtual environment to real communication by engaging with a smartphone during social interaction. Our study included 191 children aged 3-6 attending preschool education. The parents of the children were contacted via an online survey to provide information about their sociodemographic, general phubbing, digital game addiction tendencies, and social skills scale scores.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFG3 (Bethesda)
December 2024
Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Mate selection plays an important role in breeding programs. The Usefulness Criterion was proposed to improve mate selection, combining information on both the mean and standard deviation of the potential offspring of a cross, particularly in clonally propagated species where large family sizes are possible. Predicting the mean value of a cross is generally easier than predicting the standard deviation, especially in outbred species when the linkage of alleles is unknown and phasing is required.
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