Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are broad-spectrum second-line antimicrobial drugs commonly used in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Data on FQ resistance in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan, a high-burden country, are scarce. This study aimed to analyze the resistance to FQs in this specific geographic area. Samples were collected from 25 districts of KP from 2014 to 2019. Data regarding suspected TB patients were collected from their guardians or secondary caregivers. All the samples were subjected to decontamination and digestion processing. Drug susceptibility testing (DST) was performed according to the standard minimum inhibitory concentration for ofloxacin (OFX), levofloxacin (LEV), and moxifloxacin (MOX), taken as 2, 1, and 1 μg/mL, respectively. For the 5,759 clinical samples collected from 25 districts, DST was conducted for a total of 3,158 samples. Out of the total DSTs, the OFX profile was available for 2,983, MOX profile for 2,290, and LEV profile for 544 samples. OFX and LEV resistance was found to be evenly distributed and has remained the same for the past few years, whereas MOX resistance increased from 1% in 2017 to 4% in 2019. Among a total of 807 OFX-resistant isolates, 218 (27%) were observed to be monoresistant to OFX, whereas 589 (73%) isolates were resistant to OFX and at least one other anti-TB drug. Drug resistance to OFX was higher in multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), that is, 428 (53%). It was concluded that resistance to MOX has been increasing, whereas OFX resistance is much higher in MDR cases. FQ resistance needs to be continuously monitored to avoid further side effects. This study provides useful information for better management of FQ resistance with reference to the global TB control program 2030.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/mdr.2020.0118 | DOI Listing |
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao
October 2024
College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering/Hebei Key Laboratory of Air Pollution Cause and Impact/Hebei Engineering Research Center of Sewage Treatment and Resource Utilization, Handan 056038, Hebei, China.
Estuaries are transitional zones between rivers and marine environments, with intensive human activities. Pollutants pose a threat to the ecological systems of estuaries. Among these pollutants, microplastics and antibiotic resistant genes have gained significant attention due to their potential impacts on estuarine organisms and human health.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFYing Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao
October 2024
College of Earth and Environment Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China.
The construction of an ecological security pattern is crucial to maintain ecosystem health and stability, with great significance for regional sustainable development. Following the research paradigm of "ecological source areas-ecological resistance surfaces-ecological corridors", based on the index framework of "sensitivity-importance-connectivity", we identified the ecological source areas, generated the ecological resistance surface through graded weighting of underlying surface factors and point of interest (POI) method, determined the ecological corridor, pinch point, and obstacle area using circuit theory, and constructed the ecological security pattern of Guizhou Pro-vince. Results showed that the areas of extremely sensitive of rocky desertification and soil erosion and the areas of extremely important areas of water resources forming, soil and water conservation and biodiversity in Guizhou Pro-vince were generally small and distributed differently, accounting for 1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFYing Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao
October 2024
College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
Non-grain utilization of cultivated land threatens farmland ecological environment and soil health, which restricts grain production. To identify the key obstacle factors of cultivated soil under non-grain utilization, explore the changes of soil quality and function, and evaluate the effects of non-grain utilization on the health of farmland soil, we evaluated soil health of farmland under different non-grain utilization types (vegetables, bamboo-abandoned, nursery-grown plant-abandoned, nursery-grown plant-rice) by soil quality index and soil multifunctionality index method combined with sensitivity and resistance approaches. The results showed that soil organic carbon and total nitrogen (TN) in the bamboo-abandoned soil were 95.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFYing Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao
October 2024
State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
Fruit quality and yield in orchards will decrease after long-term planting. To analyze the changes of soil quality under different planting years and identify the key factors of the declining of orchard soil quality could provide scientific foundation for optimizing fertilization management of orchard soil. In this study, we analyzed the changes of soil physical, chemical, and biological properties of loquat orchard under different planting years (<10 years, 10-15 years, 15-20 years, ≥20 years) in Ninghai County, Zhejiang Province, and evaluated soil health by using soil quality index, multifunctionality index, and sensitivity and resistance indicators.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFYing Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao
October 2024
College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
To select the mycorrhizal seedlings of with excellent Cd-resistance and explore the mechanism of promoting the resistance to Cd stress of , nine species of isolated from different hosts infected to form mycorrhizal seedlings, were cultured in Cd-contaminated soil for three months. We conducted the principal component analysis (PCA) on biomass, root structure, and photosynthesis, and evaluated the Cd tolerance of mycorrhizal seedlings by membership function. The results showed that dry and fresh weight of mycorrhizal seedlings under Cd stress were 1.
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