Membrane fouling is the biggest challenge of membrane bioreactor industrialization. In this study, a bio-electrochemical system (BES)-anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) system was constructed, and the effect of nano-zero-valent iron (nZVI) on membrane anti-fouling ability and methane production was investigated. The results showed that the BES-AnMBR system was stable and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate was maintained at approximately 95%. The optimum condition was observed to be nZVI 0.1 g·g(VS). Under this condition, transmembrane pressure (TMP) was reduced by 28.1%, the membrane flux had a slight improvement, and methane production was up to 81.3 mL·g(COD). This was 12.1% higher than that of the control. In addition, a further analysis of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) fraction and membrane resistance showed that nZVI enhanced EPS decomposition, promoted the formation of an iron-rich layer of inorganic and organic matters on the membrane surface, and changed the distribution of organics and inorganics, thereby significantly alleviating membrane fouling. This study will enrich basic theory of conventional AnMBR and provide a new solution for efficient sludge treatment and resource utilization.
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