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Tracing the Evolution of Human Immunity Through Ancient DNA.
Annu Rev Immunol
December 2024
1Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 2000, Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Paris, France; email:
Infections have imposed strong selection pressures throughout human evolution, making the study of natural selection's effects on immunity genes highly complementary to disease-focused research. This review discusses how ancient DNA studies, which have revolutionized evolutionary genetics, increase our understanding of the evolution of human immunity. These studies have shown that interbreeding between modern humans and Neanderthals or Denisovans has influenced present-day immune responses, particularly to viruses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIgnoring population structure in hominin evolutionary models can lead to the inference of spurious admixture events.
Nat Ecol Evol
December 2024
Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.
Article Synopsis
- Genomic and ancient DNA data have dramatically changed our understanding of human evolution, particularly with the successful sequencing of Neanderthal and Denisovan genomes.
- The theory of interbreeding between Neanderthals and Homo sapiens has evolved from skepticism to general acceptance, largely based on statistical models that may overlook the complexities of population structure.
- Research using simulated data revealed that many existing models inaccurately identified admixture events and emphasized the need to consider population structure for a more accurate understanding of human evolutionary history.
Improved detection of methylation in ancient DNA.
Genome Biol
October 2024
Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Reconstructing premortem DNA methylation levels in ancient DNA has led to breakthrough studies such as the prediction of anatomical features of the Denisovan. These studies rely on computationally inferring methylation levels from damage signals in naturally deaminated cytosines, which requires expensive high-coverage genomes. Here, we test two methods for direct methylation measurement developed for modern DNA based on either bisulfite or enzymatic methylation treatments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhylo-Epigenetics in Phylogeny Analyses and Evolution.
Genes (Basel)
September 2024
Epigenetics Laboratory for Human Health and Longevity, Institute of Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
Long-standing, continuous blurring and controversies in the field of phylogenetic interspecies relations, associated with insufficient explanations for dynamics and variability of speeds of evolution in mammals, hint at a crucial missing link. It has been suggested that transgenerational epigenetic inheritance and the concealed mechanisms behind play a distinct role in mammalian evolution. Here, a comprehensive sequence alignment approach in hominid species, i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReconstructing human history from ancient genomes: an interview with Nobel laureate Svante Pääbo.
Natl Sci Rev
September 2024
NSR Based, Beijing.
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