Effects of crystal structure and plane orientation on lithium and nickel co-doped spinel lithium manganese oxide for long cycle life lithium-ion batteries.

Various Li-rich spinel LiNiMnO (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.10) cathode materials with a truncated octahedron were synthesized by a solution combustion method. The relationship of crystalline structure, particles morphology and electrochemical properties of the as-prepared samples was investigated via a series of physicochemical characterizations. The Li-Ni co-doping changes the lattice parameters and atomic configuration, whilst resulting in a contraction of unit cell dimension and giving rise to a variation of bond length. In this regard, the shrinkage of octahedral MnO provides a robust structure and the expansion of tetrahedral LiO facilitates a fast electrochemical process. Additionally, the resulted polyhedral LiNiMnO samples present the exposed (110), (100), and (111) crystal planes, which provide the favorable Li ions diffusion/transmission channel and alleviate Mn dissolution. Owing to these merits of polyhedral structure and Li-Ni co-doping, the optimized LiNiMnO exhibits good electrochemical performance with high initial discharge capacity of 119.8, 107.1 and 97.9 mAh·g at 1, 5 and 10 C, respectively. Even at a high current rate of 15 C, an excellent capacity retention of 91.7% is obtained after 1000 cycles, whilst the high temperature performance was also improved.