Genome editing technologies not only provide unprecedented opportunities to study basic cellular system functionality but also improve the outcomes of several clinical applications. In this review, we analyze various gene editing techniques used to fine-tune immune systems from a basic research and clinical perspective. We discuss recent advances in the development of programmable nucleases, such as zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas-associated nucleases. We also discuss the use of programmable nucleases and their derivative reagents such as base editing tools to engineer immune cells via gene disruption, insertion, and rewriting of T cells and other immune components, such natural killers (NKs) and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). In addition, with regard to chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), we describe how different gene editing tools enable healthy donor cells to be used in CAR T therapy instead of autologous cells without risking graft-versus-host disease or rejection, leading to reduced adoptive cell therapy costs and instant treatment availability for patients. We pay particular attention to the delivery of therapeutic transgenes, such as CARs, to endogenous loci which prevents collateral damage and increases therapeutic effectiveness. Finally, we review creative innovations, including immune system repurposing, that facilitate safe and efficient genome surgery within the framework of clinical cancer immunotherapies.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.570672 | DOI Listing |
J Nanobiotechnology
December 2024
Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
In the post-COVID-19 era, drug-resistant bacterial infections emerge as one of major death causes, where multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MRAB) and drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (DRPA) represent primary pathogens. However, the classical antibiotic strategy currently faces the bottleneck of drug resistance. We develop an antimicrobial strategy that applies the selective delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids to pathogens with biomimetic cationic hybrid vesicles (BCVs), irrelevant to bacterial drug resistance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Sci
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China. Electronic address:
Cotton is an important source of natural fibers. The AP2/ethylene response factor (ERF) family is one of the largest plant-specific transcription factors (TFs) groups, playing key roles in plant growth and development. However, the role of ERF TFs in cotton's growth and development remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Sci
December 2024
Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 65000, China. Electronic address:
Kernel row number (KRN) is an important trait in maize that significantly impacts maize yield. The high heritability of KRN underscores its significance in maize breeding programs. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the mechanisms underlying the formation, differentiation, and regulation of KRN in maize.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Signal
December 2024
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province, China. Electronic address:
Circular RNA (circRNA) can sponge miRNA participate in the tumorigenesis and progression of various cancers. We substantiate for the first time that the fusion circular RNA (F-circRNA) F-circEA1 is involved in driving the echinoderm microtubule associated-protein like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase variant 1-positive (EML4-ALK1) lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) progression and the expression of the parental gene EML4-ALK1, molecular mechanisms of F-circEA1 in the EML4-ALK1 LUAD remain unknown. Bioinformatics analysis showed that only miR-4673 can bind to F-circEA1 and bind to EML4-ALK1 3'-UTR to regulate the expression of EML4-ALK1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExp Eye Res
December 2024
Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, WI, 53226, USA; Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, WI, 53226, USA. Electronic address:
Genome or prime editing has become a promising tool for the treatment of hereditary disorders affecting the inner retina, such as dominant optic neuropathies. In vivo delivery of gene editors, such as Cas9, is typically achieved using recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors, which have a broad range of cellular tropisms and are well tolerated following intravitreal administration. Owing to the large size of gene editing constructs and the limited carrying capacity of rAAV (<5.
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