A fragmented career? Life and work of the Jewish pathologist Kurt Aterman (1913-2002).

Kurt Aterman (1913-2002) is regarded one of the leading experimental pathologists of his time with a strong focus on pediatric and hepatopathology. Without doubt, he is also one of the most international representatives of his field: Grown up in the German-speaking area, he studied medicine in the former Czechoslovakia and the United Kingdom, and then taught at universities and hospitals in the USA and Canada. Less well known is the fact that he was persecuted by the Nazi regime because of his Jewish decent after the Nazis started their annexation policy. Aterman was able to flee to Great Britain, but experienced a career setback there. This is precisely where the present study comes in: The overriding goal of this paper is to trace Kurt Aterman's life and work, which has been scarcely researched to date. It focuses on the decisive milestones and setbacks of his career, the question of compensation after the war, and the background and characteristics of his (re)connection with the German academic community. The study is based on previously unevaluated archive material and a re-analysis of the relevant research literature, supplemented by an autobiographical essay (1991). The paper concludes that Kurt Aterman always put his personal convictions above his career ambitions. It is equally remarkable that he maintained his relations with the German scientific community despite his repressive experiences in the Third Reich. In return he was made an honorary member of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pathologie (German Society for Pathology (1990/91).