Non-obstructive azoospermia is reported to affect 1 in 100 men, and despite advances in surgical practice, the succesful sperm retrieval rate for microdissection testicular sperm extraction surgery (mTESE) is only 46%. This article reviews the potential causes for mTESE failure and provides a management strategy to guide the clinicians on how to treat this challenging cohort of patients.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/tud.2020.20435 | DOI Listing |
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