Viral diseases, whether of animals or humans, are normally considered as problems to be managed. However, in Australia, two viruses have been used as landscape-scale therapeutics to control European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), the preeminent invasive vertebrate pest species. Rabbits have caused major environmental and agricultural losses and contributed to extinction of native species. It was not until the introduction of Myxoma virus that effective control of this pest was obtained at a continental scale. Subsequent coevolution of rabbit and virus saw a gradual reduction in the effectiveness of biological control that was partially ameliorated by the introduction of the European rabbit flea to act as an additional vector for the virus. In 1995, a completely different virus, Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV), escaped from testing and spread through the Australian rabbit population and again significantly reduced rabbit numbers and environmental impacts. The evolutionary pressures on this virus appear to be producing quite different outcomes to those that occurred with myxoma virus and the emergence and invasion of a novel genotype of RHDV in 2014 have further augmented control. Molecular studies on myxoma virus have demonstrated multiple proteins that manipulate the host innate and adaptive immune response; however the molecular basis of virus attenuation and reversion to virulence are not yet understood.
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Article Synopsis
- Myxoma (MYXV) and rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHDV) viruses are significant threats to European rabbits, which are now considered 'Endangered' in their native habitat.
- The study focused on evaluating the effectiveness of dried blood spots (DBS) for serological surveys of these viruses in European rabbits by comparing DBS to traditional serum samples.
- Results showed a high level of agreement between the two methods, with DBS demonstrating strong diagnostic sensitivity and perfect specificity for both MYXV and RHDV, confirming its viability for monitoring these diseases in the wild rabbit population.
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