Application of artificial neural network for predicting the performance of CO enhanced oil recovery and storage in residual oil zones.

Residual Oil Zones (ROZs) become potential formations for Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS). Although the growing attention in ROZs, there is a lack of studies to propose the fast tool for evaluating the performance of a CO injection process. In this paper, we introduce the application of artificial neural network (ANN) for predicting the oil recovery and CO storage capacity in ROZs. The uncertainties parameters, including the geological factors and well operations, were used for generating the training database. Then, a total of 351 numerical samples were simulated and created the Cumulative oil production, Cumulative CO storage, and Cumulative CO retained. The results indicated that the developed ANN model had an excellent prediction performance with a high correlation coefficient (R) was over 0.98 on comparing with objective values, and the total root mean square error of less than 2%. Also, the accuracy and stability of ANN models were validated for five real ROZs in the Permian Basin. The predictive results were an excellent agreement between ANN predictions and field report data. These results indicated that the ANN model could predict the CO storage and oil recovery with high accuracy, and it can be applied as a robust tool to determine the feasibility in the early stage of CCUS in ROZs. Finally, the prospective application of the developed ANN model was assessed by optimization CO-EOR and storage projects. The developed ANN models reduced the computational time for the optimization process in ROZs.