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Cultural Effects on the Performance of Older Haitian Immigrants on Timed Cognitive Tests.
Med Res Arch
November 2024
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, EE 428 & 526, Boca Raton, FL, 33431.
Background: Ignoring the cultural factors that can affect performance on cognitive tests may result in use of tests that have not been validated for that group. One example is testing of Haitian Creole speaking adults who are increasingly affected by Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, for whom few tests have been validated.
Aims: Our purpose is to describe differences in timed test performance between Haitian Creole and English-speaking participants and explore factors that may account for any differences in results found.
Accessible Gesture Typing on Smartphones for People with Low Vision.
Proc ACM Symp User Interface Softw Tech
October 2024
Department of Computer Science, Stony Brook University New York, USA.
While gesture typing is widely adopted on touchscreen keyboards, its support for low vision users is limited. We have designed and implemented two keyboard prototypes, layout-magnified and key-magnified keyboards, to enable gesture typing for people with low vision. Both keyboards facilitate uninterrupted access to all keys while the screen magnifier is active, allowing people with low vision to input text with one continuous stroke.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRace and Gender Bias in Narrative Letters of Recommendation for Plastic Surgery Residency Applicants.
J Surg Res
January 2025
Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial, and Oral Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
Introduction: It has been previously shown that gender bias exists in standardized letters of recommendation for plastic surgery residency. However, similar analysis has not been conducted for narrative letters of recommendation (NLORs). Therefore, this study aims to determine if there exists linguistic bias in NLORs for plastic surgery residency based on applicants' and writers' gender and race.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVisual attention matters during word recognition: A Bayesian modeling approach.
Psychon Bull Rev
January 2025
Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, 38000, Grenoble, France.
It is striking that visual attention, the process by which attentional resources are allocated in the visual field so as to locally enhance visual perception, is a pervasive component of models of eye movements in reading, but is seldom considered in models of isolated word recognition. We describe BRAID, a new Bayesian word-Recognition model with Attention, Interference and Dynamics. As most of its predecessors, BRAID incorporates three sensory, perceptual, and orthographic knowledge layers together with a lexical membership submodel.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSensitivity to Graphotactic Regularities in Elementary School: Development and Contributing Variables.
Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch
January 2025
Faculté de Psychologie et des Sciences de l'Education, Université de Genève, Suisse.
Purpose: Graphotactic regularities are statistical regularities governing orthographic systems that children are sensitive to from the start of their literacy learning. The current study observed changes in children's sensitivity to a set of graphotactic patterns across different grades in elementary school and measured the contribution of skills such as expressive spelling, reading fluency, nonverbal reasoning, and receptive vocabulary to children's sensitivity of these graphotactic regularities.
Method: One thousand one hundred one French-speaking children in Grades 1-5 completed a writing under a dictation task, a text reading fluency task, and a pseudo-orthographic choice task involving different graphotactic regularities.
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