AI Article Synopsis
- Most oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tumors develop from oral premalignant lesions, particularly in individuals with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), which shows a high chance of turning malignant.
- The study compared the salivary microbiomes of male patients with OSCC having an OSF background versus those with OSF alone and found significant changes linked to cancer progression and smoking habits, leading to reductions in species diversity.
- Key findings suggested that specific bacterial species could predict oral carcinogenesis, indicating the salivary microbiome’s crucial role in influencing microbial metabolites during the development of oral cancer.
Article Abstract
Most oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tumors arise from oral premalignant lesions. Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), usually occurring in male chewers of betel quid, is a premalignant stromal disease characterized by a high malignant transformation rate and high prevalence. Although a relationship between the inhabited microbiome and carcinogenesis has been proposed, no detailed information regarding the oral microbiome of patients with OSF exists; the changes of the salivary microbiome during cancer formation remain unclear. This study compared the salivary microbiomes of male patients with OSCC and a predisposing OSF background (OSCC-OSF group) and those with OSF only (OSF group). The results of high-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene indicated that OSF-related carcinogenesis and smoking status significantly contributed to phylogenetic composition variations in the salivary microbiome, leading to considerable reductions in species richness and phylogenetic diversity. The microbiome profile of OSF-related malignancy was associated with increased microbial stochastic fluctuation, which dominated the salivary microbiome assembly and caused species co-occurrence network collapse. Artificial intelligence selection algorithms consistently identified 5 key species in the OSCC-OSF group: sp. HMT-300, sp. HMT-131, and sp. HMT-927. Robust accuracy in predicting oral carcinogenesis was obtained with our exploratory and validation data sets. In functional analysis, the microbiome of the OSCC-OSF group had greater potential for -adenosyl-l-methionine and norspermidine synthesis but lower potential for l-ornithine and pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide synthesis and formaldehyde metabolism. These findings indicated that the salivary microbiome plays important roles in modulating microbial metabolites during oral carcinogenesis. In conclusion, our results provided new insights into salivary microbiome alterations during the malignant transformation of OSF.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034520968750 | DOI Listing |
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