Genetic variability of panicle architecture in indigenous rice landraces of Koraput region of Eastern Ghats of India for crop improvement.

Panicle architecture is an important character that influence reproductive success and contributes directly to grain yield. In the present study, we evaluated diversity of panicle traits in 77 indigenous rice landraces from Koraput and compared with three popularity cultivated hybrid varieties of the locality for possibility of using in crop improvement program. Significant morphological variations of panicle traits such as panicle number, panicle angle, panicle weight, panicle length, grain number and grain weight were recorded in studied rice landraces. Based on the principal component analysis, first two axis of principal component captures 56.34% of the total variation and indicated significant variability of panicle traits among the genotypes. Panicle length, panicle weight, grain number and flag leaf area are the major determinants of phenotypic diversity. Multiple correlation between traits indicated that panicle weight in studied rice landraces were positively correlated with panicle number, grain number and leaf area and negatively associated with panicle length, panicle angle and chaff number. The genetic advance as percentage of mean (GAM) ranged from 22.19% for panicle length to 147.02% for panicle angle. High GAM along with heritability was observed for panicle number, panicle weight, grain number and chaff number and are important traits for selection during crop improvement. Some of the landraces such as Matidhan, Bhatagurumukhi, Chiklakoli and Kamuntana remarkably showed superior panicle weight along with higher grain number and length of panicle, which can be used in the future rice breeding program.