The gene is a key regulator of progranulin expression and modifies the risk of multiple neurodegenerative diseases.

Progranulin (PGRN) is a secreted pleiotropic glycoprotein associated with the development of common neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the pathophysiological role of PGRN may help uncover biological underpinnings. We performed a genome-wide association study to determine the genetic regulators of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) PGRN levels. Common variants in region of were associated with lower CSF PGRN levels (rs708384, = 3.95 × 10). This was replicated in another independent cohort. The rs708384 was associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and frontotemporal dementia and could modify the expression of the gene. FAM171A2 was considerably expressed in the vascular endothelium and microglia, which are rich in PGRN. The in vitro study further confirmed that the rs708384 mutation up-regulated the expression of FAM171A2, which caused a decrease in the PGRN level. Collectively, genetic, molecular, and bioinformatic findings suggested that is a key player in regulating PGRN production.