Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) recognize conserved features of rapidly mutating pathogens and confer universal protection, but they emerge rarely in natural infection. Increasing evidence indicates that seemingly passive antibodies may interfere with natural selection of B cells. Yet, how such interference modulates polyclonal responses is unknown. Here we provide a framework for understanding the role of antibody interference-mediated by multi-epitope antigens-in shaping B cell clonal makeup and the fate of bnAb lineages. We find that, under heterogeneous interference, clones with different intrinsic fitness can collectively persist. Furthermore, antagonism among fit clones (specific for variable epitopes) promotes expansion of unfit clones (targeting conserved epitopes), at the cost of repertoire potency. This trade-off, however, can be alleviated by synergy toward the unfit. Our results provide a physical basis for antigen-mediated clonal interactions, stress system-level impacts of molecular synergy and antagonism, and offer principles to amplify naturally rare clones.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101568 | DOI Listing |
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Article Synopsis
- Human influenza viruses evolve to avoid detection by the immune system, but the impact of this evolution varies among different age groups.
- Using a technique called deep mutational scanning, researchers studied how mutations in specific proteins affect antibody neutralization across various ages.
- Findings indicate that younger individuals' sera are less effective against certain viral mutations that became prevalent after 2020, highlighting the differing immune responses across age demographics and their influence on virus evolution.
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