Among the natural bases, guanine is the most oxidizable base. The damage caused by oxidation of guanine, commonly referred to as oxidative guanine damage, results in the formation of several products, including 2,5-diamino-4-imidazol-4-one (Iz), 2,2,4-triamino-5(2)-oxazolone (Oz), guanidinoformimine (Gf), guanidinohydantoin/iminoallantoin (Gh/Ia), spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp), 5-carboxamido-5-formamido-2-iminohydantoin (2Ih), urea (Ua), 5-guanidino-4-nitroimidazole (NI), spirodi(iminohydantoin) (5-Si and 8-Si), triazine, the M+7 product, other products by peroxynitrite, alkylated guanines, and 8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyguanosine (cG). Herein, we summarize the present knowledge about base pairs containing the products of oxidative guanine damage and guanine. Of these products, Iz is involved in G-C transversions. Oz, Gh/Ia, and Sp form preferably Oz:G, Gh/Ia:G, and Sp:G base pairs in some cases. An involvement of Gf, 2Ih, Ua, 5-Si, 8-Si, triazine, the M+7 product, and 4-hydroxy-2,5-dioxo-imidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (HICA) in G-C transversions requires further experiments. In addition, we describe base pairs that target the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of RNA viruses and describe implications for the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): When products of oxidative guanine damage are adapted for the ribonucleoside analogs, mimics of oxidative guanine damages, which can form base pairs, may become antiviral agents for SARS-CoV-2.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7589758 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207645 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Theoretical Study of Antioxidant and Prooxidant Potency of Protocatechuic Aldehyde.
Int J Mol Sci
January 2025
Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Science, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
In this study, the antioxidant and prooxidant potency of protocatechuic aldehyde (PCA) was evaluated using density functional theory (DFT). The potency of direct scavenging of hydroperoxyl (HOO) and lipid peroxyl radicals (modeled by vinyl peroxyl, HC=CHOO) involved in lipid peroxidation was estimated. The repair of oxidative damage in biomolecules (lipids, proteins and nucleic acids) and the prooxidant ability of PCA phenoxyl radicals were considered.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Comparison of the Electronic Properties of Selected Antioxidants Vitamin C, Uric Acid, NAC and Melatonin with Guanosine Derivatives: A Theoretical Study.
Molecules
December 2024
DNA Damage Laboratory of the Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
Each cell in the human body is continually exposed to harmful external and internal factors. During evolution, cells have developed various defence systems, divided into enzymatic and non-enzymatic types, to which low-weight molecule antioxidants belong. In this article, the ionisation potential and electron affinity, as well as global reactivity descriptors of Vitamin C, Melatonin, Uric Acids, and N-acetyl-L-cysteine, were theoretically investigated at the MP-2/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory in the condensed (aqueous) phase.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurification and Electron Transfer from Soluble c-Type Cytochrome TorC to TorA for Trimethylamine N-Oxide Reduction.
Int J Mol Sci
December 2024
Department of Molecular Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
The enterobacterium present in the human gut can reduce trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) to trimethylamine during anaerobic respiration. The TMAO reductase TorA is a monomeric, bis-molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide (bis-MGD) cofactor-containing enzyme that belongs to the dimethyl sulfoxide reductase family of molybdoenzymes. TorA is anchored to the membrane via TorC, a pentahemic -type cytochrome which receives the electrons from the menaquinol pool.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFactors Affecting the Population of Excited Charge Transfer States in Adenine/Guanine Dinucleotides: A Joint Computational and Transient Absorption Study.
Biomolecules
December 2024
Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS-UMR8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France.
There is compelling evidence that the absorption of low-energy UV radiation directly by DNA in solution generates guanine radicals with quantum yields that are strongly dependent on the secondary structure. Key players in this unexpected phenomenon are the photo-induced charge transfer () states, in which an electric charge has been transferred from one nucleobase to another. The present work examines the factors affecting the population of these states during electronic relaxation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAminoglycoside tolerance in engages translational reprogramming associated with queuosine tRNA modification.
Elife
January 2025
Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unité Plasticité du Génome Bactérien, Paris, France.
Article Synopsis
- Tgt enzyme modifies guanine in tRNAs with GUN anticodon to queuosine, which is crucial for bacterial growth under aminoglycoside stress.
- Research highlights the significance of Q34 modification in enhancing decoding efficiency of specific codons (TAT and TAC) during tobramycin exposure.
- Findings suggest that Q34 regulation can lead to translational reprogramming impacting genes like RsxA, crucial for the bacterial response to oxidative stress and antibiotics.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!