Purpose Of The Review: Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising cancer treatment, however success in only select clinical indications underscores the need for novel approaches. Recently based vaccines have been developed to drive tumor specific T-cell responses. Here, we discuss recent preclinical studies using vaccines, innate immune pathways that influence T-cell priming, and new vaccine strategies in clinical trials.
Recent Findings: Recent studies indicate that in addition to inducing antigen specific T-cell responses, vaccines remodel the TME. In addition, several innate immune pathways influence adaptive immune responses to and modulating these pathways holds promise to enhance anti-tumor T-cell responses.
Summary: The interplay between innate and adaptive immune responses to is poorly understood. Understanding these interactions will facilitate the design of better anti-cancer vaccines and improved use of combination therapies.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40588-019-00133-4 | DOI Listing |
Bull Math Biol
January 2025
Department of Mathematics, University of Manitoba, 340 UMSU University Centre, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
The immune checkpoint inhibitor, anti-programmed death protein-1 (anti-PD-1), enhances adaptive immunity to kill tumor cells, and the oncolytic virus (OV) triggers innate immunity to clear the infected tumor cells. We create a mathematical model to investigate how the interaction between adaptive and innate immunities under OV and anti-PD-1 affects tumor reduction. For different immunity strength, we create the corresponding virtual baseline patients and cohort patients to decipher the major factors determining the treatment outcome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
January 2025
Axe de Recherche Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
Introduction: The innate immune response is an important first checkpoint in the evolution of an infection. Although adaptive immunity is generally considered the immune component that retains antigenic memory, innate immune responses can also be affected by previous stimulations. This study evaluated the impact of vaccination on innate cell activation by TLR7/8 agonist R848, as well as seasonal variations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMetabol Open
March 2025
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
The highly nuanced transition from an inflammatory process to tumorigenesis is of great scientific interest. While it is well known that environmental stimuli can cause inflammation, less is known about the oncogenic modifications that chronic inflammation in the tissue microenvironment can bring about, as well as how these modifications can set off pro-tumorigenic processes. It is clear that no matter where the environmental factors come from, maintaining an inflammatory microenvironment encourages carcinogenesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomark Res
January 2025
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medical Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
As a member of the Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor family, the Basic Leucine Zipper Transcription Factor (BATF) mediates multiple biological functions of immune cells through its involvement in protein interactions and binding to DNA. Recent studies have demonstrated that BATF not only plays pivotal roles in innate and adaptive immune responses but also acts as a crucial factor in the differentiation and function of various immune cells. Lines of evidence indicate that BATF is associated with the onset and progression of allergic diseases, graft-versus-host disease, tumors, and autoimmune diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Nano
January 2025
Institute of Nanobiomaterials and Immunology & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Zhejiang Taizhou 318000, China.
Despite significant progress in cancer treatment, traditional therapies still face considerable challenges, including poor targeting, severe toxic side effects, and the development of resistance. Recent advances in biotechnology have revealed the potential of bacteria and their derivatives as drug delivery systems for tumor therapy by leveraging their biological properties. Engineered bacteria, including , , and , along with their derivatives─outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), bacterial ghosts (BGs), and bacterial spores (BSPs)─can be loaded with a variety of antitumor agents, enabling precise targeting and sustained drug release within the tumor microenvironment (TME).
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