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Single-cell transcriptomics uncover distinct innate and adaptive cell subsets during tissue homeostasis and regeneration. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Immune cells play a crucial role in tissue repair and regeneration by initiating inflammation, which is necessary for the healing process.
  • Advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) allow scientists to study individual immune cells, revealing their diversity and roles in tissue repair without depending on existing knowledge of specific markers.
  • This review highlights the potential of scRNA-Seq in recognizing different immune cell types, uncovering their developmental paths, and identifying new cell subsets involved in the healing process, ultimately aiding in the development of immunoregenerative therapies.

Article Abstract

Recently, immune cell-mediated tissue repair and regeneration has been an emerging paradigm of regenerative medicine. Immune cells form an essential part of the wound as induction of inflammation is a necessary step to elicit tissue healing. Rapid progress in transcriptomic analyses by high-throughput next-generation sequencing has been developed to study gene regulatory network and establish molecular signatures of immune cells that could potentially predict their functional roles in tissue repair and regeneration. However, the identification of cellular heterogeneity especially on the rare cell subsets has been limited in transcriptomic analyses of bulk cell populations. Therefore, genome-wide, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) has offered an unprecedented approach to unravel cellular diversity and to study novel immune cell populations involved in tissue repair and regeneration through unsupervised sampling of individual cells without the need to rely on prior knowledge about cell-specific markers. The analysis of gene expression patterns at a single-cell resolution also holds promises to uncover the mechanisms and therefore the development of therapeutic strategy promoting immunoregenerative medicine. In this review, we will discuss how scRNA-Seq facilitates the characterization of immune cells, including macrophages, innate lymphoid cells and T and B lymphocytes, discovery of immune cell heterogeneity, identification of novel subsets, and tracking of developmental trajectories of distinct immune cells during tissue homeostasis, repair, and regeneration.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/JLB.6MR0720-131RDOI Listing

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