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Characterisation of the tumour microenvironment and PD-L1 granularity reveals the prognostic value of cancer-associated myofibroblasts in non-invasive bladder cancer.
Oncoimmunology
December 2025
Molecular and Translational Oncology Division, Biomedical Innovation Unit, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain.
Article Synopsis
- High-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) has high rates of recurrence and progression, and there's a need to better understand the tumor microenvironment (TME) for identifying treatment outcome biomarkers.
- Researchers analyzed TME components and PD-L1 expression in 73 NMIBC patients, finding significant changes in tissue compared to non-tumoral samples, including increased cancer-associated fibroblasts and altered immune cell distributions.
- The study identified myofibroblasts (myoCAFs) and M2-like macrophages as particularly significant in high-grade NMIBC, with myoCAFs correlating to higher rates of cancer progression and recurrence, providing insights for future prognostic markers.
Huge intermediate-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma in the retroperitoneum revealed by F-FDG PET/CT: a case report.
Front Med (Lausanne)
September 2024
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
Myofibroblastic sarcoma (MS) is a relatively rare malignant bone and soft tissue tumor, which originates from myofibroblasts, with some characteristics of both smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. It can develop in individuals at any age and can affect various regions, especially the head and neck; however, it is rarely reported retroperitoneally. Generally, this type of sarcoma is considered a low-grade malignancy, and cases classified as moderate and high-grade malignancy are rare.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Case Series of Primary Cutaneous Sarcomatoid Carcinoma With Aberrant Smooth Muscle Actin Expression: A Clinicopathologic and Immunophenotypic Study.
Am J Dermatopathol
August 2024
Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, Columbus, OH.
Article Synopsis
- Primary cutaneous sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma (PCSSCC) can be difficult to diagnose due to its similarities with other spindle cell tumors and atypical expressions of markers like smooth muscle actin (SMA).
- A study of 16 cases showed that these tumors were high-grade and typically involved deeper skin layers, with most cases exhibiting atypical spindle and epithelioid cell patterns.
- The research highlights the importance of using multiple epithelial markers for accurate diagnosis, while also noting that SMA expression can complicate the identification process.
Overcoming Chemoresistance in Cancer: The Promise of Crizotinib.
Cancers (Basel)
July 2024
Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, Migal-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel.
Chemoresistance is a major obstacle in cancer treatment, often leading to disease progression and poor outcomes. It arises through various mechanisms such as genetic mutations, drug efflux pumps, enhanced DNA repair, and changes in the tumor microenvironment. These processes allow cancer cells to survive despite chemotherapy, underscoring the need for new strategies to overcome resistance and improve treatment efficacy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUterine Smooth Muscle Tumors: An Overview.
Adv Anat Pathol
November 2024
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL.
Uterine smooth muscle tumors are a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal neoplasms with multiple histologic variants and distinct biological behaviors. Pathologic classification (benign, uncertain malignant potential, malignant) relies on the evaluation of mitotic index, necrosis, and degree of cytologic atypia, with different thresholds based on each subtype. Immunohistochemistry and other ancillary studies may be necessary to establish the diagnosis in a subset of cases, given the morphologic overlap with other mesenchymal neoplasms, including low-grade and high-grade endometrial stromal tumors, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors, and PEComa.
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