[Molecular Features and Clinical Significance of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Elderly Patients].

Objective: To study the molecular characteristics and clinical significance of elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Methods: Dideoxy sequencing was used to analyze the mutation spectrum and clinical significance of 51 hematopathy-related genes in 52 patients with newly diagnosed elderly AML. The efficacy of 39 patients receiving DCAG chemotherapy was also analyzed.

Results: The mutational frequency was high in elderly AML patients (98.1%, 51/52), and there were some coexistence or mutual exclusion between different mutations. Both the number of mutations and the incidence of epigenetic mutations DNMT3A, TET2 (P<0.01), as well as FLT3-ITD (P<0.05) increased with age. c-KIT mutations were most common in favorable-risk AML (P<0.01), while NPM1 and DNMT3A were common in intermediate-risk AML (P<0.05), especially in AML with normal karyotype. The complete remission rate of elderly AML patients receiving DCAG chemotherapy was 71.8% (28/39).

Conclusion: Elderly AML patients have specific molecular characteristics, and the incidence of methylation-related gene mutations is very high, showing a certain significance for clinical diagnosis and treatment.