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Background: Chronic pain is highly prevalent among individuals with mood disorders. While much is known about the relationship between pain and unipolar depression, little is known about pain experiences among people with bipolar disorder. This pilot study addresses this gap by examining pain and its relationship to mood and functioning in a sample of US military veterans with bipolar disorder.
Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted with 15 veterans with bipolar disorder and chronic pain who were recruited from outpatient services within a Veterans Affairs medical center.
Results: Veterans reported a bidirectional relationship between pain and bipolar depression. When discussing manic episodes, individuals' experiences varied between notable reductions in pain (usually in euphoric states), increases in pain (usually in angry/irritable states), and feeling disconnected from pain. Many reported that increased activity when manic contributed to worse pain after an episode. Veterans clearly articulated how these connections negatively affected their functioning and quality of life.
Limitations: This was a small, retrospective study that included a non-random sample of veteran participants from one VA medical center. All veterans were engaged in outpatient mental health care, so the majority reported that their mood has been well-stabilized through medications and/or psychotherapy.
Conclusions: Chronic pain experiences appear to be related to depressive and manic mood states and significantly affects functioning and quality of life in Veterans with bipolar disorder. This study highlights the need to assess chronic pain among veterans with bipolar disorder, as changes in mood could have significant implications for functioning and pain management.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.069 | DOI Listing |
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