We demonstrate the power of 2D tensor networks for obtaining large deviation functions of dynamical observables in a classical nonequilibrium setting. Using these methods, we analyze the previously unstudied dynamical phase behavior of the fully 2D asymmetric simple exclusion process with biases in both the x and y directions. We identify a dynamical phase transition, from a jammed to a flowing phase, and characterize the phases and the transition, with an estimate of the critical point and exponents.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.140601 | DOI Listing |
Cell Rep
January 2025
Division of Cell Regulation, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory for Stem Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Tsukuba University, Ibaraki, Japan. Electronic address:
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) possess the capacity to regenerate the entire hematopoietic system. However, the precise HSC dynamics in the early post-transplantation phase remain an enigma. Clinically, the initial hematopoiesis in the post-transplantation period is critical, necessitating strategies to accelerate hematopoietic recovery.
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January 2025
Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
ConspectusLithium-ion batteries (LIBs) based on graphite anodes are a widely used state-of-the-art battery technology, but their energy density is approaching theoretical limits, prompting interest in lithium-metal batteries (LMBs) that can achieve higher energy density. In addition, the limited availability of lithium reserves raises supply concerns; therefore, research on postlithium metal batteries is underway. A major issue with these metal anodes, including lithium, is dendritic formation and insufficient reversibility, which leads to safety risks due to short circuits and the use of flammable electrolytes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 680-749, Republic of Korea.
This study employed large eddy simulation (LES) with the wall-adapting local eddy-viscosity (WALE) model to investigate transitional flow characteristics in an idealized model of a healthy thoracic aorta. The OpenFOAM solver pimpleFoam was used to simulate blood flow as an incompressible Newtonian fluid, with the aortic walls treated as rigid boundaries. Simulations were conducted for 30 cardiac cycles and ensemble averaging was employed to ensure statistically reliable results.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
January 2025
Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Phase transitions in the mantle control its internal dynamics and structure. The post-spinel transition marks the upper-lower mantle boundary, where ringwoodite dissociates into bridgmanite plus ferropericlase, and its Clapeyron slope regulates mantle flow across it. This interaction has previously been assumed to have no lateral spatial variations, based on the assumption of a linear post-spinel boundary in pressure and temperature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRadiol Clin North Am
March 2025
Radiology Department, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Arkes Pavilion, 676 North St Clair Street, Suite 800, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Electronic address:
Cardiac MR imaging and pulmonary MR angiography (MRA) are important clinical tools for the assessment of pulmonary vascular diseases. There are evolving noncontrast and contrast-enhanced techniques to evaluate pulmonary vasculature. Pulmonary MRA is a feasible imaging alternative to CTA in pulmonary embolism detection.
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