This study investigated the incidence, genetic diversity, antifungal sensitivity, and virulence of Candida albicans and C. dubliniensis isolated from subjects using dental prostheses and subjects clinically indicated for the first prosthetic rehabilitation. Subjects were divided into four groups and samples were collected twice: at first rehabilitation by removable partial (A) and total (C) dental prostheses, and replacement of the removable partial (B) and total (D) prostheses. Yeasts were genotyped using DNA microsatellite markers. Microbiological methods were used to screen for azole antifungal resistance and exoenzyme production. In the initial sampling, oral colonization by Candida was observed in 31 (53.4%) subjects in groups A (33.3%), B (68.2%), and D (65%); 20 (47.6%) subjects displayed colonization of prostheses: groups B (50%) and D (45%). The second sampling (±30 days) revealed Candida in 2 (3.4%: oral cavity) and 4 (6.9%: prosthetic) subjects from group B. C. albicans and C. dubliniensis displayed both polyclonal and monoclonal patterns of infection. Azole-resistant C. albicans and SAPs strains were prevalent. Related strains were found in one or several oral sites (mucosa and prosthesis), as well as intra- and inter-subject, -gender, -group, and -time of sampling. However, the patterns of clonality can be altered under dental care.
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