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Addressing drivers and data gaps in Spain's non-compliance of drinking water quality standards.
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Departamento de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Calle José Antonio Nováis 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
In 2021 Spain passed a new law regarding the quality of drinking water, increasing the transparency and introducing a risk assessment approach to the catchment area, which ascribe to the shift in recent years in how drinking water management is understood in the European Union legislation. Good data quality is important to ensure the correct implementation of policies. We used the drinking quality data uploaded to Spain's National Drinking Water Information System to gauge the state of the drinking water reporting in Spain, the differences between rural urban and rural areas in both quality and reporting and identify which variables at catchment level influence the probability of a municipality incurring in drinking water quality non-compliance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBurying poultry carcasses on farms as a disposal option in crisis situations: learnings and perspectives from a field study during an avian influenza epizootic in France.
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Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Epidemiology Health and Welfare Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), BP53 22440 Ploufragan, France. Electronic address:
Appropriate disposal of dead farming animals is required to guarantee effective disease control while protecting the environment. In crisis situations, alternatives to rendering can be used, including on-farm burial. The objectives of this study were to: (i) describe the burial and monitoring protocols used on poultry farms in France in response to major avian influenza outbreaks; (ii) assess the effectiveness of the burial protocol, in terms of both technical and biosecurity aspects, and microbiological, physical and chemical changes of the buried materials and the environment over time; (iii) provide recommendations for future burial and follow-up protocols.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSoil moisture is a key parameter for the exchange of substance and energy at the land-air interface, timely and accurate acquisition of soil moisture is of great significance for drought monitoring, water resource management, and crop yield estimation. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is sensitive to soil moisture, but the effects of vegetation on SAR signals poses challenges for soil moisture retrieval in areas covered with vegetation. In this study, based on Sentinel-1 SAR and Sentinel-2 optical remote sensing data, a coupling approach was employed to retrieval surface soil moisture over dense vegetated areas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGravity-Driven Membrane Filtration with Passive Hydraulic Fouling Control for Drinking Water Treatment: Demonstration of Long-Term Performance at Full Scale.
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Department of Civil Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 6250 Applied Sciences Lane, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
The present study evaluated the performance of a full-scale gravity-driven membrane filtration system with passive hydraulic fouling control (PGDMF) for drinking water treatment in a small community over a 3-year period. The PGDMF system consistently met the design flow and regulated water quality/performance parameters (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBearing characteristics and damage rules of regenerated rock mass.
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Dazhu Coal and Electricity Group of Sichuan, Xiaohezui Coal Mine, Dazhou, 6635000, China.
This study investigates the bearing characteristics and damage evolution of regenerative rock masses formed under varying geological conditions through uniaxial loading tests, numerical simulations, and theoretical derivations. Regenerative rock mass samples with different water-cement ratios and cementing materials were prepared, and the mechanical behavior during the loading process was analyzed. The results indicate that the secondary damage process can be divided into three stages: pre-peak, weakening, and friction.
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