The intensity, frequency, duration, and contribution of distinct PM sources in Asian households have seldom been assessed; these are evaluated in this work with concurrent personal, indoor, and outdoor PM and PM monitoring using novel low-cost sensing (LCS) devices, AS-LUNG. GRIMM-comparable observations were acquired by the corrected AS-LUNG readings, with R up to 0.998. Twenty-six non-smoking healthy adults were recruited in Taiwan in 2018 for 7-day personal, home indoor, and home outdoor PM monitoring. The results showed 5-min PM and PM exposures of 11.2 ± 10.9 and 10.5 ± 9.8 µg/m , respectively. Cooking occurred most frequently; cooking with and without solid fuel contributed to high PM increments of 76.5 and 183.8 µg/m (1 min), respectively. Incense burning had the highest mean PM indoor/outdoor (1.44 ± 1.44) ratios at home and on average the highest 5-min PM increments (15.0 µg/m ) to indoor levels, among all single sources. Certain events accounted for 14.0%-39.6% of subjects' daily exposures. With the high resolution of AS-LUNG data and detailed time-activity diaries, the impacts of sources and ventilations were assessed in detail.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ina.12763 | DOI Listing |
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