Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising strategy for multiple cancers. Chlorin e6 and its derivative 13-[2'-(2-pyridyl)ethylamine] Chlorin e6 (Chlorin A) are effective photosensitizers, although their cytotoxic mechanisms have not yet been fully characterized.
Methods: Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated by CCK8 assay, TUNEL assay, and Annexin V/PI staining. The expression levels of different proteins were analyzed by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. The crosstalk between autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), and mitochondrial dysfunction was investigated using reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), PERK inhibitor GSK2606414, autophagy inhibitor 3-MA, and mitochondrial stabilizer elamipretide. Furthermore, the extent of ROS production, lysosomal damage, autophagy flux, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were tracked using established probes. An xenograft model of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) was established in BALB/c-nude mice by inoculation with EGI-1 cells, and Chlorin A was administered topically or intravenously, followed by light irradiation.
Results: Chlorin A-PDT decreased the viability of CCA cells and induced apoptosis. Intriguingly, Chlorin A-PDT promoted autophagy via activation of ROS-induced ERS-related PERK/p-eif2α/CHOP axis, and blocked the ensuing autophagy flux by lysosomal damage. The PERK inhibitor GSK2606414 and NAC alleviated apoptosis and autophagy induced by Chlorin A-PDT. Furthermore, mitochondrial dysfunction aggravated ERS, and stabilizing the mitochondria reduced both apoptosis and autophagy. Finally, Chlorin A-PDT significantly reduced tumor growth .
Conclusions: Chlorin A-PDT induced apoptosis in CCA cells by initiating autophagy and impaired the autophagy flux via ROS-mediated ERS and lysosomal damage.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7540121 | PMC |
Vertigo is a common symptom of various diseases that affects a large number of people worldwide. Current leading treatments for intractable peripheral vertigo are to intratympanically inject ototoxic drugs such as gentamicin to attenuate the semicircular canal function but inevitably cause hearing injury. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive therapeutic approach by precisely targeting the diseased tissue.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhotochem Photobiol
July 2024
São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
Curcumin serves as a photosensitizer (PS) in the context of microbial inactivation when subjected to light exposure, to produce reactive oxygen species, which exhibit efficacy in eradicating microorganisms. This remarkable property underscores the growing potential of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the ongoing fight against bacterial infections. Considering this, we investigate the efficacy of various in vitro curcumin formulations within a PDT protocol designed to target Staphylococcus aureus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomolecules
April 2024
BK21 Program, Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea.
In cancer therapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted significant attention due to its high potential for tumor-selective treatment. However, PDT agents often exhibit poor physicochemical properties, including solubility, necessitating the development of nanoformulations. In this study, we developed two cationic peptide-based self-assembled nanomaterials by using a PDT agent, chlorin e6 (Ce6).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomaterials
November 2022
Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan, 430072, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430072, China. Electronic address:
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has recently emerged as a promising, targeted treatment modality for glioblastoma (GBM) which is the most vicious type of brain tumor. Successful GBM-PDT hinges upon light activation of a photosensitizer accumulated in the tumor. However, inadequate tumor accumulation of photosensitizer severely limits the success of PDT of GBM.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomaterials
November 2021
Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China. Electronic address:
Bacterial infection treatment and subsequent tissue rebuilding are the main tasks of biomaterial research. To endow implants with antibacterial activity and biological functions, the material systems are usually very complicated and ineffective. Recently, the concept of photobiomodulation (PBM), or low-level laser therapy (LLLT), has attracted increasing attention in tissue repair applications but still has not obtained wide acceptance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!