Prevalence, Distribution, and Diversity of Strains Isolated From a Subtropical Lake.

This study investigated the prevalence, serovar distribution, antimicrobial resistance, and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing of isolated from Lake Zapotlán, Jalisco, Mexico. Additionally, the association of the presence of with physicochemical and environmental parameters was analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). spp. were identified in 19 of 63 (30.15%) samples. The prevalence of was positively correlated with air temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, and dissolved oxygen and negatively correlated with relative humidity, water temperature, turbidity, and precipitation. The predominant serotype identified was Agona (68.48%), followed by Weltevreden (5.26%), Typhimurium (5.26%), and serogroup B (21.05%). Overall, the highest detected antimicrobial resistance was toward colistin (73.68%), followed by sulfamethoxazole (63.15%), tetracycline (57.89%), nalidixic acid (52.63%), and trimethoprim (52.63%). All strains were genetically diverse, with a total of 11 I and four I profiles on PFGE. The use of these two enzymes allowed differentiate strains of of the same serotype. The results obtained in this study contribute to a better understanding of the spp. ecology in an endorheic subtropical lake and provide information for decision makers to propose and implement effective strategies to control point and non-point sources of pathogen contamination.