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The Spread of from Heater-Cooler Units and Infection Risk in Heart Surgery: Lessons from the Global Outbreak?
Pathogens
September 2024
Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genova, Italy.
(MC), a member of the complex, can cause infections in patients after open-heart surgery due to contaminated heater-cooler units (HCUs). The transmission route of HCU-related MC infection is non-inhalational, and infection can occur in patients without previously known immune deficiency. Patients may develop endocarditis of the prosthetic valve, infection of the vascular graft, and/or manifestations of disseminated mycobacterial infection (splenomegaly, arthritis, hepatitis, nephritis, myocarditis, etc.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEpidemiological and Molecular Investigation of the Heater-Cooler Unit (HCU)-Related Outbreak of Invasive Infection Occurred in Italy.
Microorganisms
September 2023
Unit 5, Directorate General Health Prevention Communicable Diseases and International Prophylaxis, Ministry of Health, 00144 Rome, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- A significant outbreak of invasive infections caused by *Mycobacterium chimaera* (MC) linked to contaminated heater-cooler units (HCUs) used in open chest surgeries was reported globally starting in 2013, prompting investigation in Italy.
- From January 2010 to December 2022, 40 potential MC infection cases were identified, with 36 strains analyzed showing contamination from genotypes 1.1 or 1.8, commonly associated with severe health complications and 21 reported deaths.
- Recommendations and public health measures were implemented to improve patient safety, leading to a national survey that found no new cases after the replacement and decontamination of HCUs in cardiac surgeries.
Clinical characteristics and outcome of Mycobacterium chimaera infections after cardiac surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis of 180 heater-cooler unit-associated cases.
Clin Microbiol Infect
August 2023
Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Objectives: Since 2013, heater-cooler unit (HCU) associated Mycobacterium chimaera infections linked to a global outbreak have been described. These infections were characterised by high morbidity and mortality due to delayed diagnosis, as well as challenges in antimycobacterial and surgical therapy. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcome of published cases of HCU-associated M.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCluster in Cardiac Surgery Patients Potentially Attributable to a Commercial Water Purification System.
Ann Intern Med
March 2023
Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, and Department of Medicine and Department of Quality and Safety, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (M.K., C.R., M.A.B.).
Background: Nontuberculous mycobacteria are water-avid pathogens that are associated with nosocomial infections.
Objective: To describe the analysis and mitigation of a cluster of infections in cardiac surgery patients.
Design: Descriptive study.
complex genomics and transmission in a London hospital.
Eur Respir J
April 2023
Host Defence Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Background: Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental microorganisms and opportunistic pathogens in individuals with pre-existing lung conditions such as cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF bronchiectasis. While recent studies of have identified transmission within single CF centres as well as nationally and globally, transmission of other NTM species is less well studied.
Methods: To investigate the potential for transmission of the complex (MAC) we sequenced 996 isolates from 354 CF and non-CF patients at the Royal Brompton Hospital (London, UK; collected 2013-2016) and analysed them in a global context.
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