Background: With recent changes in legislation regulating recreational and medical cannabis use around the globe, increased use in pregnancy is to be expected.
Objectives: To investigate the association between cannabis use during pregnancy and birth outcomes.
Method: Data from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), a prospective pregnancy cohort, were used. Participants were recruited from all over Norway between 1999 and 2008: 9,312 women with 10,373 pregnancies who reported use of cannabis before or in pregnancy. Women reported on their illegal drug use before pregnancy and at pregnancy weeks 17/18 and 30 and at 6 months postpartum. Linear regression was used to estimate crude and adjusted effects of prenatal cannabis exposure on birth outcomes.
Results: In 10,101 pregnancies, women had used cannabis before pregnancy but not during pregnancy. In 272 pregnancies, women had used cannabis during pregnancy, and among these, in 63 pregnancies, women had used cannabis in at least 2 periods. In adjusted analyses for potential confounders, only cannabis use during at least 2 periods of pregnancy showed statistically significant effects on birth weight. The effect was observed in the complete cohort (B = -228 g, 95% CI = -354 to -102, p < 0.001) and for the subgroup where information about the child's father was available (B = -225 g, 95% CI = -387 to -63, p = 0.01). Our results may indicate that prolonged use causes more harm, whereas short-term use did not indicate adverse effects on birth outcomes.
Conclusions: There was a statistically significant and clinically relevant association between the use of cannabis during pregnancy and reduced birth weight. Clinicians should screen not only for cannabis use but also for the length and intensity of use as part of a comprehensive substance use screening.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8006586 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000510821 | DOI Listing |
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Article Synopsis
- Substance use disorders among pregnant and postpartum individuals are increasing, highlighting the need for better education and intervention for healthcare providers.
- The review covers the impact of various substances like nicotine, cannabis, and opioids on maternal and fetal health, along with treatment options.
- It also discusses ethical and legal issues related to substance use during pregnancy, advocating for equitable, non-stigmatizing care practices.
Sociodemographic differences in modes of cannabis use among pregnant individuals in Northern California.
Drug Alcohol Depend
December 2024
School of Social Work, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
Background: The potential risks of prenatal cannabis use may vary depending on how cannabis is administered, but little is known about modes of prenatal cannabis use. This study characterized prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of modes of prenatal cannabis use in California.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included patients with pregnancies between January 1, 2021 and December 31, 2022 in a large healthcare system (3507 pregnancies [3454 individuals]) who self-reported prenatal cannabis use and mode of use (smoke, vape, edibles, dabs, and topicals) during universal screening at entrance to prenatal care.
Using the PROMOTE Screener to Identify Psychosocial Risk Factors for Prenatal Substance Use.
J Addict Med
November 2024
From the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (AA); Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (ML, HP); and Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (ML, CH, HP).
Introduction: There is an urgent need to improve the identification of psychosocial vulnerabilities in clinical practice (eg, stress, unstable living conditions) and examine their contribution to prenatal substance use, especially for legal substances such as alcohol, tobacco, and recently, cannabis.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 1842 patients who completed the PROMOTE screening instrument during their first prenatal visit to outpatient clinics of a New York State health system in 6/2019-11/2020. The PROMOTE includes 18 core items to assess psychosocial vulnerabilities including the NIDA Quick Screen assessing past year substance use.
Predictors of Participation in Prenatal Substance Use Assessment, Counseling, and Treatment Among Pregnant Individuals in Prenatal Settings Who Use Cannabis.
J Addict Med
November 2024
From the, Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA (GTL); Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (GTL); Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA (FWC, KCY-W, MBD, CIC); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA (KCY-W, CIC); and Regional Offices, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland CA (DA, CC, AHA, AE).
Objectives: Assessment and counseling are recommended for individuals with prenatal cannabis use. We examined characteristics that predict prenatal substance use assessment and counseling among individuals who screened positive for prenatal cannabis use in prenatal settings.
Methods: Electronic health record data from Kaiser Permanente Northern California's Early Start perinatal substance use screening, assessment, and counseling program was used to identify individuals with ≥1 pregnancies positive for prenatal cannabis use.
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