AI Article Synopsis
- Insulin significantly impacts the male reproductive system, but there are still many unknowns regarding how it operates and influences reproductive health.
- Insulin interacts with specific receptors in the brain and testis, playing a direct role beyond just regulating glucose levels.
- This review highlights the need to understand how insulin affects various components of the reproductive system, especially in the context of diabetes and obesity, which alter insulin levels and sensitivity.
Article Abstract
While insulin demonstrates to have a considerable influence on the reproductive system, there are various unanswered questions regarding its precise sites, mechanisms of action, and roles for the developing and functioning of the adult male reproductive system. Apart from its effects on glucose level, insulin has an important role in the reproductive system directly by binding on insulin and IGF receptors in the brain and testis. To date, however, the effect of insulin or its alterations on blood-testis-barrier, as an important regulator of normal spermatogenesis and fertility, has not yet been studied. This review aimed to focus on the experimental and clinical studies to describe mechanisms by which insulin affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, testicular cells, spermatozoa, and sexual behavior. Moreover, we discussed the mechanism and impact of insulin changes in type 1 (insulin deficiency along with persisted or even increased sensitivity) and 2 (insulin resistance along with increased insulin level at the early stages of disease) diabetes and obesity on the male reproductive tract.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113643 | DOI Listing |
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