The recent emergence of a novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) has caused a pandemic, which is the most severe infectious disease outbreak in many decades. Other infective agents such as influenza as well as other neglected viruses such as Lassa virus, Nipah virus or poxviruses are also a cause for concern owing to their attack rate and potential for global spread. Drug-resistant bacteria, such as , are already a significant public health issue in many countries, and it is expected that they will be expanding in the near future. Finally, airborne bioterrorism agents have high morbidity and mortality rates and should be looked with concern in the current international unrest.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2020.09.001 | DOI Listing |
Food Environ Virol
January 2025
Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A virus are primarily transmitted through droplets or aerosols from patients. The inactivation effects of existing virus control techniques may vary depending on the environmental factors. Therefore, it is important to establish a suitable evaluation system for assessing virus control techniques against airborne viruses for further real-world implementation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
December 2024
Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Respiratory interventions including noninvasive ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure and high-flow nasal oxygen generated infectious aerosols may increase risk of airborne disease (SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus) transmission to healthcare workers. We developed and tested a prototype portable UV-C device to sterilize high flows of viral-contaminated air from a simulated patient source at airflow rates of up to 100 l/m. Our device consisted of a central quartz tube surrounded 6 high-output UV-C lamps, within a larger cylinder allowing recirculation past the UV-C lamps a second time before exiting the device.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
December 2024
Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia.
Developing intranasal vaccines against pandemics and devastating airborne infectious diseases is imperative. The superiority of intranasal vaccines over injectable systemic vaccines is evident, but developing effective intranasal vaccines presents significant challenges. Fusing a protein antigen with the catalytic domain of cholera toxin (CTA1) and the two-domain D of staphylococcal protein A (DD) has significant potential for intranasal vaccines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Math Biol
December 2024
Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark.
We investigate sub-leading orders of the classic SEIR-model using contact matrices from modeling of the Omicron and Delta variants of COVID-19 in Denmark. The goal of this is to illustrate when the growth rate, and by extension the infection transmission potential (basic or initial reproduction number), can be estimated in a new outbreak, e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
December 2024
Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), National Research Council, Piazzale E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy.
Face masks represent a valuable tool to prevent the spreading of airborne viruses; however, they show poor comfort and scarce antiviral efficacy. Zein-based coatings are herein exploited to enhance antiviral performance. Zein functionalization is done through acidifying agents (lactic acid, LA).
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